Table 1.
Description of patient baseline demographics, past medical history, severity of illness and relevant medications
| Alive | Deceased | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 39 | 32 | |
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Race (%) | 0.366 | ||
| Asian/Mideast Indian | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Black/African-American | 25 (64.1) | 19 (59.4) | |
| Hispanic | 2 (5.1) | 6 (18.8) | |
| More than one race | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| White | 9 (23.1) | 7 (21.9) | |
| Male (%) | 19 (48.7) | 18 (60.0) | 0.491 |
| Age (median [IQR]) | 58.97 [51.91, 69.01] | 66.21 [56.56, 72.66] | 0.168 |
| Body mass index (median [IQR]) | 31.51 [27.96, 38.78] | 30.73 [26.83, 34.08] | 0.432 |
| Hypertension (%) | 23 (59.0) | 23 (71.9) | 0.377 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 12 (30.8) | 11 (34.4) | 0.946 |
| Diabetes (%) | 13 (33.3) | 12 (37.5) | 0.908 |
| Cancer (%) | 6 (15.4) | 3 (9.4) | 0.69 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 3 (7.7) | 8 (25.0) | 0.094 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index (median [IQR]) | 3.00 [2.00, 4.50] | 4.00 [2.00, 5.00] | 0.551 |
| SOFA score (median [IQR]) | 5.00 [4.00, 9.00] | 9.00 [8.00, 9.00] | <0.001 |
| APACHE score (median [IQR]) | 18.00 [13.00, 22.50] | 23.00 [19.00, 30.25] | 0.002 |
| Days from symptom onset (median [IQR]) | 5.00 [3.00, 7.00] | 5.00 [2.75, 8.00] | 0.912 |
| Admission (%) | 0.229 | ||
| Emergency department | 25 (64.1) | 14 (43.8) | |
| Hospital medicine | 8 (20.5) | 10 (31.2) | |
| Outside hospital | 6 (15.4) | 8 (25.0) | |
| Medication administration | |||
| Antivirals (%) | |||
| Remdesivir treatment | 28 (71.8) | 22 (68.8) | 0.985 |
| Steroid treatment | 28 (71.8) | 23 (71.9) | 1 |
| Antibiotics (%) | |||
| Betalactams | 8 (20.5) | 5 (15.6) | 0.825 |
| Levofloxicin | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
| Vancomycin | 9 (23.1) | 13 (40.6) | 0.183 |
| Metronidazole | 3 (7.7) | 4 (12.5) | 0.782 |
| Macrolides | 8 (20.5) | 6 (18.8) | 1 |
| Doxycycline | 5 (12.8) | 1 (3.1) | 0.302 |
| Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole | 5 (12.8) | 2 (6.2) | 0.6 |
| Aminoglycosides | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
Adequate treatment with COVID-19 specific therapy included at least three consecutive days of therapy during index hospitalization. Sufficient total dose of steroids was the equivalent of 18 mg of dexamethasone and 400 mg of Remdesivir. Only antibiotics received 72 h prior to fecal specimen collection are represented (n = 71 independent samples from patients). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) assess ICU clinical status. Categorical variables were compared using ta two-tailed, chi-squared test, while continuous variables were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum, two-tailed. Unadjusted p-values are presented as exact values.