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Oxytocin increases bone turnover by increasing osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption with net anabolic effect. However, high levels of oxytocin upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption to counteract rapid bone loss in maternal skeleton during pregnancy and lactation. RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB-ligand; OPG, osteoprotegerin.
