Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
| Variable | VKA ( N = 3,043) | DOAC ( N = 4,991) |
|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 1,560 (51.3) | 2,576 (51.6) |
| Age, median (IQR) | 59.0 (44.3, 70.7) | 60.4 (46.7, 71.8) |
| Age groups, n (%) | ||
| < 50 | 1,026 (33.7) | 1,530 (30.7) |
| 50–65 | 890 (29.2) | 1,469 (29.4) |
| 65–75 | 612 (20.1) | 1,076 (21.6) |
| 75–85 | 400 (13.1) | 733 (14.7) |
| > 85 | 115 (3.8) | 183 (3.7) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| Asian | 438 (14.9) | 793 (17.1) |
| Black | 315 (10.7) | 78 (1.7) |
| Caucasian | 1,882 (64.2) | 3,536 (76.3) |
| Other | 297 (10.1) | 229 (4.9) |
| Missing | 111 | 355 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 27.9 (24.3, 32.1) | 27.5 (24.3, 31.6) |
| BMI categories | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 62 (2.3) | 69 (1.5) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 756 (27.8) | 1,296 (29.0) |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 911 (33.5) | 1,639 (36.7) |
| Obese (≥30) | 992 (36.5) | 1,468 (32.8) |
| Missing | 322 | 519 |
| Creatinine clearance, mL/min, median (IQR) | 93.7 (64.1, 127.3) | 94.8 (68.1, 123.8) |
| Creatinine clearance, mL/min, n (%) | ||
| I – Normal (≥90) | 840 (32.7) | 1,288 (30.6) |
| II – Mild (60–89) | 1,053 (41.0) | 2,072 (49.3) |
| III – Moderate (30–59) | 499 (19.4) | 746 (17.7) |
| IV – Severe (15–29) | 79 (3.1) | 48 (1.1) |
| V – Failure (<15) | 97 (3.8) | 49 (1.2) |
| Missing | 475 | 788 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||
| Never | 1,775 (59.9) | 2,930 (61.5) |
| Ex-smoker | 687 (23.2) | 1,039 (21.8) |
| Current smoker | 499 (16.9) | 798 (16.7) |
| Missing | 82 | 224 |
| Care setting, n (%) | ||
| Hospital | 2,230 (73.3) | 3,474 (69.6) |
| Outpatient setting | 813 (26.7) | 1,517 (30.4) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulants; IQR, interquartile range; VKA, vitamin K antagonists.