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The illustration of conventional posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) procedure and dynamization–PLIF procedure reproduced from [28] with permission. (A) Model of the conventional PLIF procedure. When the anterior element is shortened due to cage subsidence and pedicle screw loosening, it causes local kyphosis. (B) Model of the dynamization–PLIF procedure. As the posterior element of the subsiding vertebra is allowed to slide along the rods, sagittal alignment is preserved.
