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Material properties used in the model [1]
| Component | Young’s modulus (MPa) | Poisson ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Cortical bone | 12,000 | 0.3 |
| Cancellous bone | 450 | 0.2 |
| Endplate | 500 | 0.4 |
| Facet cartilage | 10.4 | 0.4 |
| Nucleus pulposus | 1 | 0.49 |
| Annulus fibrosus | 50 | 0.45 |
| Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (grade 5) | 110,000 | 0.342 |
| Tensile strength, ultimate | 860 | |
| Tensile strength, yield | 790 |
