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. 2022 Sep 12;113(11):3980–3994. doi: 10.1111/cas.15538

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

S. mutans promotes tumor metastasis to the lungs. (A) The experimental design of S. mutans‐promoting tumor metastasis. (B–D) Lung metastatic tumor cell luminescence intensity was detected using an IVIS Spectrum instrument; the images of in vivo metastatic lung tumors (B), ex vivo metastatic lung tumors (C), and quantification of ex vivo luminescence intensity (D). (E) Representative images of lung metastatic tumors stained with H&E; arrowheads show metastatic tumor cells; scale bars: 50 μm. (F–I) Anti‐inflammatory drug, aspirin, treatment hampers tumor metastasis of the lungs in the S. mutans‐promoting tumor metastasis model. Mice were treated with vehicle as a control or 100 mg/kg aspirin orally during the proinflammatory stage, followed by administration of tdtomato‐Luc2‐expressing E0771 tumor cells intravenously; representative images of in vivo metastatic lung tumors (F), ex vivo metastatic lung tumors (G), and quantification of ex vivo luminescence intensity (H). (I) Representative images of metastatic lung tumors stained with H&E; arrowheads show metastatic tumor cells; scale bars: 50 μm. (J–M) NF‐κB inhibitor treatment hampers tumor metastasis in the lungs in the S. mutans‐promoting tumor metastasis model. Mice were treated with vehicle as the control or 10 mg/kg NF‐κB inhibitor BAY‐117082 intraperitoneally during the proinflammatory stage, followed by administration of tdtomato‐Luc2‐expressing E0771 tumor cells intravenously; representative images of in vivo metastatic lung tumors (J), ex vivo metastatic lung tumors (K), and quantification of ex vivo luminescence intensity (L). (M) Representative images of metastatic lung tumors stained with H&E; arrowheads show metastatic tumor cells; scale bars: 50 μm. Data represent the mean; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; Student's t‐test was used, five mice per group (D, H, L).