TABLE 1.
Characteristics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and non-SLE matched comparators, in the Lupus Midwest Network (LUMEN) registry on December 15, 2020.
| Characteristic | SLE N=342 |
Non-SLE N=350 |
p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 57.9 (15.3) | 60.3 (15.3) | 0.051 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.790 | ||
| Women | 285 (83.3) | 289 (82.6) | |
| Men | 57 (16.7) | 61 (17.4) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.943 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 297 (86.8) | 312 (89.1) | |
| Hispanic | 15 (4.4) | 14 (4.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13 (3.8) | 9 (2.6) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 12 (3.5) | 10 (2.9) | |
| Other/Mixed | 5 (1.5) | 5 (1.4) | |
| Education level, n (%) | 0.292 | ||
| Graduate school | 69 (21.3) | 71 (25.7) | |
| Technical school/College | 172 (53.1) | 137 (49.6) | |
| High school | 75 (23.1) | 56 (20.3) | |
| <High school | 8 (2.5) | 12 (4.3) | |
| Missing | 18 | 74 | |
| Area Deprivation Index, mean (SD) | 93.3 (12.5) | 93.6 (12.1) | 0.634 |
| Primary RUCA code, n (%) | 0.183 | ||
| Metropolitan area core | 135 (39.5) | 120 (34.3) | |
| Metropolitan area high commuting | 79 (23.1) | 80 (22.9) | |
| Micropolitan area core | 61 (17.8) | 53 (15.1) | |
| Micropolitan area high commuting | 15 (4.4) | 33 (9.4) | |
| Micropolitan area low commuting | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.6) | |
| Small town core | 25 (7.3) | 26 (7.4) | |
| Small town high commuting | 4 (1.2) | 5 (1.4) | |
| Rural areas | 22 (6.4) | 31 (8.9) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index†, mean (SD) | 2.4 (2.7) | 1.6 (2.3) | <0.001 |
| BMI‡, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29.6 (7.8) | 30.0 (7.1) | 0.166 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2, n (%)§ | 132 (40.1) | 128 (40.9) | 0.842 |
| BMI >40 kg/m2, n (%)§ | 35 (10.6) | 31 (9.9) | 0.759 |
| Missing, n (%) | 13 (3.8) | 37 (10.6) | |
| Smoking‡, n (%) | 0.064 | ||
| Current§ | 57 (18.8) | 74 (26.4) | |
| Former§ | 119 (39.1) | 92 (32.9) | |
| Never§ | 128 (42.1) | 114 (40.7) | |
| Missing | 38 (11.1) | 70 (20.0) | |
| History of COVID-19 diagnosis or positive test, n (%) | 17 (5.0) | 22 (6.3) | 0.453 |
| Previous vaccination ∥, n (%) | |||
| Influenza (at least once) | 271 (79.2) | 253 (72.3) | 0.033 |
| Pneumococcal vaccine | 167 (48.8) | 125 (35.7) | <0.001 |
| Recombinant zoster vaccine (at least once) | 60 (17.5) | 61 (17.4) | 0.968 |
*
Rank-sum or Chi-square test.
†
From December 15, 2015, to December 14, 2020, excluding rheumatologic category.
‡
Upon entry to LUMEN cohort–January 1, 2015.
§
The denominator excludes missing.
∥
Vaccine uptake from January 1, 2015 to February 29, 2020 for influenza and pneumococcal vaccine and from January 1, 2018 to February 29, 2020 for zoster vaccine
BMI: body mass index; RUCA: rural-urban commuting area; SD: standard deviation; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus.