Abbreviations: CAR, carnitine; DMGV, dimethylguanidino valeric acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FDR, false discovery rate; T2D, type 2 diabetes; UDP-GlcNAc, uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine. The associations of waist circumference with individual plasma metabolites were assessed using generalized linear models, with adjustment for study batch (only in the pooled sample), sex, age, total energy intake, incident T2D case-control status, fasting hours, income, cigarette smoking, pack-years among ever smokers, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diet quality, menopause status (for women only), and hypertension status. βs with FDR-adjusted p values are presented in the figure.