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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022 Sep 25;30(11):2294–2306. doi: 10.1002/oby.23549

Figure 4. Association between individual obesity-related metabolites and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Figure 4.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAR, carnitine; CI, confidence interval; DMGV, dimethylguanidino valeric acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FA, fatty acid; FDR, false discovery rate; OR, odds ratio; rNDP, ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; UDP-GlcNAc, uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine. The associations of individual plasma metabolites with type 2 diabetes were assessed using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for study batch, sex, age, total energy intake, fasting hours, income, cigarette smoking, pack-years among ever smokers, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diet quality, BMI, menopause status, hypertension status, and family history of diabetes.