Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants across BMI groups
| Total | Normal weight | Overweight* | Obesity* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 2076 | 868 (41.8) | 892 (43.0) | 316 (15.2) |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 51.7 (7.8) | 51.3 (7.8) | 51.6 (7.6) | 53.2 (8.3) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Men | 998 (48.1) | 421 (48.5) | 440 (49.3) | 137 (43.4) |
| Women | 1078 (51.9) | 447 (51.5) | 452 (50.7) | 179 (56.7) |
| Income levels, n (%)† | ||||
| Low | 325 (15.7) | 142 (16.4) | 133 (14.9) | 50 (15.8) |
| Lower-middle | 794 (38.3) | 342 (39.4) | 332 (37.2) | 120 (38.0) |
| Upper-middle | 634 (30.5) | 250 (28.8) | 287 (32.2) | 97 (30.7) |
| High | 323 (15.6) | 134 (15.4) | 140 (15.7) | 49 (15.5) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 (3.3) | 21.7 (1.7) | 25.8 (1.1) | 30.0 (2.0) |
| WC, cm, mean (SD) | 83.4 (9.4) | 76.8 (7.1) | 86.0 (6.6) | 94.3 (7.3) |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Never | 1294 (62.3) | 529 (60.9) | 568 (63.7) | 197 (62.3) |
| Former | 85 (4.1) | 24 (2.8) | 36 (4.0) | 25 (7.9) |
| Current | 697 (33.6) | 315 (36.3) | 288 (32.3) | 94 (29.8) |
| Pack-years among ever smokers, mean (SD) | 24.0 (15.3) | 23.5 (14.1) | 24.2 (15.7) | 25.0 (17.6) |
| Drinking, n (%)‡ | ||||
| None | 1690 (81.4) | 689 (79.4) | 740 (83.0) | 261 (82.6) |
| Moderate | 219 (10.6) | 97 (11.2) | 92 (10.3) | 30 (9.5) |
| Heavy | 167 (8.0) | 82 (9.5) | 60 (6.7) | 25 (7.9) |
| Physical activity, MET-hours/week, mean (SD) | 79.0 (47.0) | 78.1 (45.2) | 79.3 (47.8) | 80.9 (49.3) |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day, mean (SD) | 1816.9 (484.3) | 1772.1 (456.6) | 1850.0 (496.0) | 1847.0 (515.8) |
| Healthy diet score, mean (SD) | 24.0 (5.2) | 24.0 (5.0) | 24.0 (5.2) | 23.6 (5.5) |
| Menopause among women, n (%) | 450 (41.7) | 172 (38.5) | 189 (41.8) | 89 (49.7) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 532 (25.6) | 133 (15.3) | 258 (28.9) | 141 (44.6) |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 483 (23.3) | 188 (21.7) | 232 (26.0) | 63 (19.9) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CNY, Chinese Yuan; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; SD, standard deviation; WC, waist circumference.
Overweight and obesity were defined as BMI of 24.0-27.9 kg/m2 and ≥28.0 kg/m2.
Annual income was defined as low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high: for the Shanghai Women’s Health Study, annual household income <10,000 CNY, ≥10,000 to <20,000 CNY, ≥20,000 to <30,000 CNY, and ≥30,000 CNY; for the Shanghai Men’s Health Study, annual personal income <6,000 CNY, ≥6,000 to <1,2000 CNY, ≥12,000 to <24,000 CNY, and ≥24,000 CNY.
Heavy drinking was defined as >2 drinks per day in men or >1 drink per day in women (1 drink = 14 g ethanol); moderate drinking was defined as >0 to ≤2 drinks per day in men or >0 to ≤1 drink per day in women.