Table 3.
Association between obesity MESs and risk of type 2 diabetes in subgroups
| OR (95% CI) |
Per unit increase | p for trend | p for interaction | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |||||
| BMI-MES* | ||||||||
| Sex | 0.63 | |||||||
| Women | 539/539 | Reference | 1.50 (0.93, 2.43) | 2.48 (1.54, 4.00) | 5.22 (3.18, 8.57) | 1.60 (1.43, 1.80) | <0.001 | |
| Men | 499/499 | Reference | 3.28 (1.58, 6.81) | 4.99 (2.44, 10.20) | 9.33 (4.51, 19.31) | 1.53 (1.35, 1.74) | <0.001 | |
| Age, years | 0.45 | |||||||
| <50 | 541/505 | Reference | 1.78 (1.09, 2.88) | 2.97 (1.83, 4.83) | 6.37 (3.77, 10.76) | 1.62 (1.43, 1.84) | <0.001 | |
| ≥50 | 497/533 | Reference | 2.26 (1.10, 4.63) | 3.24 (1.61, 6.48) | 6.34 (3.17, 12.67) | 1.53 (1.36, 1.72) | <0.001 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.07 | |||||||
| <24 | 267/601 | Reference | 2.12 (1.28, 3.51) | 2.74 (1.62, 4.64) | 7.96 (4.51, 14.02) | 1.70 (1.48, 1.95) | <0.001 | |
| ≥24 | 771/437 | Reference | 1.57 (0.79, 3.13) | 2.90 (1.50, 5.58) | 4.82 (2.52, 9.23) | 1.48 (1.33, 1.65) | <0.001 | |
| Central obesity | 0.02 | |||||||
| No | 549/818 | Reference | 1.96 (1.29, 2.98) | 2.62 (1.72, 4.00) | 6.41 (4.11, 9.98) | 1.63 (1.47, 1.80) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 489/220 | Reference | 1.40 (0.30, 6.44) | 3.29 (0.77, 14.14) | 4.48 (1.06, 18.92) | 1.37 (1.18, 1.60) | <0.001 | |
| WC-MES† | ||||||||
| Sex | 0.52 | |||||||
| Women | 539/539 | Reference | 2.08 (1.33, 3.25) | 3.85 (2.43, 6.11) | 8.32 (4.97, 13.93) | 1.19 (1.14, 1.23) | <0.001 | |
| Men | 499/499 | Reference | 4.02 (1.13, 14.33) | 7.38 (2.17, 25.10) | 16.73 (4.90, 57.19) | 1.17 (1.13, 1.22) | <0.001 | |
| Age, years | 0.49 | |||||||
| <50 | 541/505 | Reference | 2.05 (1.25, 3.36) | 3.48 (2.09, 5.81) | 11.62 (6.47, 20.89) | 1.21 (1.16, 1.26) | <0.001 | |
| ≥50 | 497/533 | Reference | 3.24 (1.47, 7.17) | 6.40 (2.98, 13.72) | 11.02 (5.07, 23.95) | 1.17 (1.12, 1.21) | <0.001 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.06 | |||||||
| <24 | 267/601 | Reference | 2.91 (1.66, 5.10) | 4.75 (2.64, 8.55) | 16.19 (8.30, 31.58) | 1.22 (1.17, 1.28) | <0.001 | |
| ≥24 | 771/437 | Reference | 1.96 (1.05, 3.66) | 3.77 (2.10, 6.78) | 6.85 (3.76, 12.49) | 1.16 (1.12, 1.20) | <0.001 | |
| Central obesity | 0.01 | |||||||
| No | 549/818 | Reference | 2.26 (1.46, 3.51) | 3.91 (2.51, 6.09) | 10.38 (6.36, 16.94) | 1.20 (1.16, 1.24) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 489/220 | Reference | 2.35 (0.62, 8.91) | 4.34 (1.23, 15.35) | 7.13 (2.01, 25.24) | 1.13 (1.08, 1.19) | <0.001 | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; MES, metabolomic signature; OR, odds ratio; WC, waist circumference
The BMI MES was based on 15 BMI-related metabolites. Models were adjusted for study batch, sex, age, total energy intake, fasting hours, income, cigarette smoking, pack-years among ever smokers, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diet quality, BMI, menopause status (for women only), hypertension status, family history of diabetes, and plasma glucose (represented by a composite glucose/fructose/galactose level in the metabolomics data).
The WC MES was based on 21 BMI-related metabolites. Models were adjusted for study batch, sex, age, total energy intake, fasting hours, income, cigarette smoking, pack-years among ever smokers, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diet quality, BMI, WC, menopause status (for women only), hypertension status, family history of diabetes, and plasma glucose (represented by a composite glucose/fructose/galactose level in the metabolomics data).