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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Mater. 2022 Sep 22;21(11):1324–1332. doi: 10.1038/s41563-022-01360-9

Figure 5 |. In vivo safety evaluation of algae-NP(Cip)-robot.

Figure 5 |

a, Comprehensive blood chemistry panel taken 24 h after intratracheal administration of TAP buffer or 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h after that of algae-NP(Cip)-robot (n = 3; mean + s.d.). ALB: albumin; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine transaminase; AMY: amylase; TBIL: total bilirubin; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CA: calcium; PHOS: phosphorus; CRE: creatinine; GLU: glucose; NA+: sodium; K+: potassium; TP: total protein; GLOB: globulin. b, Counts of various blood cells 24 h after intratracheal administration of TAP buffer or 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h after that of algae-NP(Cip)-robot (n = 3; geometric mean + s.d.). WBC: white blood cells; RBC: red blood cells; PLT: platelets. c-e, Hematoxylin and eosin staining of histology sections from major organs 24 h (c), 72 h (d), and 168 h (e) after intratracheal administration of TAP buffer or algae-NP(Cip)-robot. Scale bar: 250 μm. Independent experiments (n = 3) were performed with similar results. f-h, Cytokines, including TNF-α (f), IL-1β (g), IL-6 (h), measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy control mice or 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h after intratracheal administration of algae-NP(Cip)-robot. (n = 3; mean ± s.d.) i, Representative images of H&E staining on lung histology sections taken from healthy control mice or 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h after intratracheal administration of algae-NP(Cip)-robot. Scale bar: 100 μm. Independent experiments were performed (n = 3) with similar results.