Table 3.

Weighted Logistic Regression Models for All-Cause 60-day Readmissions and Those Specifically With Encephalopathy Diagnoses

	All-cause 60-day Readmits Among All HSE Indexa Hospitalizations		Encephalopathyb Specific 60-day Readmits Among All HSE Index Hospitalizations
	OR (95% CI) P-value	aOR (95% CI) P-value	OR (95% CI) P-value	aOR (95% CI) P-value
Gender
Male	Reference		Reference
Female	0.99 (.91–1.06) .85		1.05 (.86–1.28) .62
Age (categorical)
1–17	0.81 (0.61–1.08) .16	0.80 (0.60–1.07) .14	0.69 (.21–1.78) .48	0.79 (.24–2.08) .66
18–44	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
45–64	1.52 (1.33–1.75) <.001	1.28 (1.11–1.49) <.001	1.85 (1.24–2.86) .004	1.80 (1.19–2.81) .007
≥65	1.71 (1.49–1.96) <.001	1.18 (1.01–1.39) .04	2.26 (1.53–3.45) <.001	1.86 (1.23–2.89) .004
Primary payorc
Medicare/Medicaid	1.30 (.24–.28) <.001	1.10 (.98–1.23) .11	0.87 (.70–1.08) .20
Private	Reference	Reference	Reference
Uninsured/other	0.69 (.57–.84) <.001	0.72 (.58–.87) .001	0.66 (.38–1.08) .12
Discharge dispositiond
Home or self care	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Transfer, home health care	1.64 (1.49–1.80) <.001	1.35 (1.21–1.49) <.001	2.2 (1.39–2.88) <.001	1.98 (1.49–2.66) <.001
Against medical advice	1.42 (0.89–2.18) 0.13	1.58 (0.98–2.16) .05	NA	NA
Zip income quartilee
0–25th percentile	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
26–50th percentile	0.93 (.86–1.05) .23	0.97 (.86–1.09) .61	1.38 (1.06–1.81) .02	1.47 (1.11–1.95) .007
51–75th percentile	0.78 (0.70–0.88) <.001	0.81 (0.72–0.92) <.001	1.22 (0.91–1.62) .18	1.32 (.98–1.77) .06
76–100th percentile	0.79 (0.70–0.89) <.001	0.81 (.71–.92) .001	1.16 (.86–1.56) .32	1.11 (.82–1.51) .50
Clinical features at index
Length of stay	1.01 (1.00–1.02) <.001	1.00 (.99–1.01) .27	1.00 (.99–1.01) .09
Number of diagnoses	1.03 (1.03–1.04) <.001	1.01 (.99–1.01) .19	1.02 (1.00–1.03) .02	0.99 (.98–1.01) .52
Number of procedures	1.06 (1.04–1.07) <.001	1.03 (1.01–1.05) .004	1.03 (1.00–1.06) .09
Charlson comorbidity score	1.21 (1.17–1.25) <.001	1.11 (1.07–1.16) <.001	1.04 (0.96–1.13) .30
Procedures at index
Intubated	1.05 (.93–1.17) .42		1.12 (.86–1.45) .39
Trach placement	1.01 (.89–1.13) .94		0.98 (.73–1.31) .91
Signs and symptoms at index
Abnormal gait	0.87 (.70–1.07) .18		0.85 (.48–1.41) .55
Aphasia	0.93 (0.82–1.06) 0.30		1.21 (.90–1.62) .20
Cerebral edema	1.21 (1.05–1.39) 0.007	1.15 (0.99–1.33) 0.05	2.16 (1.64–2.84) <.001	2.16 (1.61–2.88) <.001
Seizures	1.13 (1.03–1.24) .01	1.10 (0.99–1.21) .06	1.09 (.88–1.36) .42
Dysphagia	1.41 (1.22–1.63) <.001	1.12 (0.96–1.30) .15	1.19 (.87–1.61) .27
Leukocytosis	1.10 (.92–1.32) .29		1.19 (.79–1.75) .39
Leukocytopenia	1.36 (.86–2.11) .17		1.53 (.57–3.55) .35
Fever	1.03 (.94–1.12) .54		1.19 (.97–1.47) .10
Thrombocytopenia	1.11 (.92–1.33) .27		1.03 (.66–1.56) .88

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HSE, herpes simplex encephalitis; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.

^aIndex cases only included hospitalizations with primary diagnosis of HSE; hospitalization did not occur in the last 60 days of the data set, >1 year of age, and did not die during hospitalization.

^bEncephalopathy encompasses “encephalopathy nos.” and “encephalopathy other” via International Classification Diagnosis Code, ninth edition (34830, 34839) and tenth edition (G9340, G9341).

^cPayor groups: Medicare/Medicaid = includes both fee-for-service and managed care patients; private = includes commercial carriers and private health maintenance organizations (HMOs)/preferred provider organizations (PPOs); uninsured/other = includes worker’s compensation, CHAMPUS, CHAMPVA, Title V, and other government programs.

^dTransfer includes short-term hospitals, skilled nursing facility, or intermediate care facility.

^eBased on estimated median household income of residents in the patient’s ZIP code; approximate dollar ranges: 0–25% = 1–40 000; 26–50% = 41 000–50 000; 51–75% = 51 000–65 000; 76–100% >65 000.