Table 2.
Factors associated with overall survival in cervical cancer patients in Botswana: univariable and multivariable analyses [N = 1043].
| Characteristic | Overall Survival, UVA | p value | Overall Survival, MVA | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 21–39 | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. |
| 40–59 | 0.81 (0.64–1.04) | 0.093 | 0.86 (0.66–1.11) | 0.24 |
| >60 | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) | 0.50 | 1.07 (0.75–1.52) | 0.71 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. |
| Married/partnered | 0.98 (0.77–1.24) | 0.84 | .. | .. |
| Divorced/widowed | 0.94 (0.69–1.27) | 0.68 | .. | .. |
| Distance (km) | 1 (ref) | |||
| <100 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. |
| 100–500 | 1.06 (0.86–1.30) | 0.58 | .. | .. |
| >500 | 0.92 (0.62–1.37) | 0.68 | .. | .. |
| Previously screened for cervical cancer | ||||
| No | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | .. |
| Yes | 0.72 (0.59–11.77) | 0.0013 | .. | .. |
| HIV status | ||||
| Seronegative | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. |
| Seropositive | 1.17 (0.94–1.46) | 0.16 | 1.28 (0.96–1.70) | 0.088 |
| Disease stage | ||||
| I | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. |
| II | 2.19 (1.40–3.43) | 0.00058 | 1.91 (1.19–3.06) | 0.0074 |
| III | 5.09 (3.30–7.85) | <0.0001 | 3.99 (2.52–6.32) | <0.0001 |
| IV | 7.23 (4.44–11.77) | <0.0001 | 5.06 (2.98–8.59) | <0.0001 |
| Baseline laboratory values | ||||
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 1.001 (1.001–1.001) | <0.0001 | 1.001 (1.000–1.001) | 0.00020 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | ||||
| ≤10 | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. |
| >10 | 0.37 (0.30–0.46) | <0.0001 | 0.51 (0.40–0.64) | <0.0001 |
| Absolute neutrophil count (×109/L) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.084 | .. | .. |
| White blood cell count (×109/L) | 1.002 (0.999–1.006) | 0.17 | .. | .. |
| Albumin (g/L) | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | <0.0001 | .. | .. |
| Baseline Karnofsky performance status score | ||||
| ≥90 | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. |
| <90 | 1.89 (1.54–2.34) | <0.0001 | 1.53 (1.21–1.92) | 0.00033 |
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus.
Normal laboratory ranges: Creatinine (53–97 μmol/L); Hemoglobin (12.4–16.7 g/dL); Absolute neutrophil count (2.0–7.5 × 109/L); White blood cell count (4–12 × 109/L); Albumin (35–50 g/L).