TABLE 2.

Diagnostic performance of plasma dd-cfDNA for detection of rejection in solid organ transplantation.

Study	Organ	Threshold dd-cfDNA	ROC-AUC	Sensitivity %	Specificity %	PPV a %	NPV a %
Bloom 2017 Bloom et al. (2017)	Kidney	1.00%	0.74	59	85	61	84
Sigdel 2019 Sigdel et al. (2019)	Kidney	1.00%	0.87	89	73	52	95
Whitlam 2019 Whitlam et al. (2019)	Kidney	0.75%	0.89	85	75	48	95
		13 cp/ml	0.91	85	79	52	95
Oellerich 2019 Oellerich et al. (2019)	Kidney	0.43%	0.73	73	69	12	98
		52 cp/ml	0.83	73	73	13	98
Huang 2019 Huang et al. (2019)	Kidney	0.74%	0.71	79	72	77	75
Dauber 2020 Dauber et al. (2020)	Kidney	2.7%	0.84	88	81	64	94
Zhang 2020 Zhang et al. (2020)	Kidney	1.0%	0.90	89	74	76	88
De Vlaminick 2014 De Vlaminck et al. (2014)	Heart	0.25%	0.83	58	93	NR	NR
Richmond 2020 (Richmond et al. (2020)	Heart	0.30%	0.78	60	92	80	81
Khush 2019 Khush et al. (2019)	Heart	0.20%	0.64	44	80	9	97
Agbor-Enoh 2021 Agbor-Enoh et al. (2021a)	Heart	0.25%	0.92	81	85	20	99
Knüttgen 2022 Knuettgen et al. (2022)	Heart	0.35%	0.81	76	83	31	97
Kim 2022 Kim et al. (2022)	Heart	0.15%	0.86	79	77	25	97
Sorbini 2021 Sorbini et al. (2021)	Heart	0.11%	0.72	64	71	NR	NR
De Vlaminck 2015 De Vlaminck et al. (2015)	Lung	1.0%	0.90	100	73	NR	NR
Sayah 2020 Sayah et al. (2020)	Lung	0.87%	0.72	73	53	34	86
Khush 2021 Khush et al. (2021)	Lung	0.85%	0.67	56	76	43	84
Jang 2021 Jang et al. (2021)	Lung	1.0%	0.89	77	84	60	90
Keller 2022 Keller and Agbor-Enoh, (2022)	Lung	1.0%	0.79	76	70	NR	NR
Rosenheck 2022 Rosenheck et al. (2022b)	Lung	1.0%	0.91	89	83	52	97
Schütz 2017 Schuetz et al. (2017)	Liver	10%	0.97	90	93	NR	NR
Levitsky 2021 Levitsky et al. (2022)	Liver	5%	0.95	100	80	63	100
Baumann 2022 Baumann et al. (2022)	Liver	10%	0.92	81	91	NR	NR
Ventura-Aguiar 2022 Ventura-Aguiar et al. (2022)	Pancreas-kidney	10%	0.84	29	100	NR	NR
		70 cp/ml	0.89	86	94	86	94

NR, not reported.

^a Predictive values also depend on the variable prevalence of rejection in the study populations. Examples for variable acute rejection incidence are given in Ref (Kataria et al., 2021).