Table. Demographic Characteristics of Participants in All Phase 1 Trials, Industry-Funded Trials, and Trials Conducted at Academic Centersa.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native | Asian or Pacific Islander | Black | Hispanic or Latinx | White | |
| Phase 1 trials | |||||
| All (N = 8309) | 23 (0.3) | 371 (4.5) | 514 (6.2) | 401 (7.9) | 7154 (86.1) |
| 2000-2011 (n = 3245) | 10 (0.3) | 121 (3.7) | 244 (7.5) | 161 (9.0) | 2780 (85.7) |
| 2012-2018 (n = 5063) | 13 (0.3) | 151 (3.0) | 270 (5.3) | 240 (7.3) | 4374 (86.4) |
| Industry trials | |||||
| All (n = 7365) | 19 (0.3) | 332 (4.5) | 414 (5.6) | 359 (8.3) | 6387 (86.7) |
| 2000-2011 (n = 2737) | 10 (0.4) | 106 (3.9) | 178 (6.5) | 131 (9.4) | 2370 (86.6) |
| 2012-2018 (n = 4628) | 9 (0.2) | 226 (4.9) | 236 (5.1) | 228 (7.7) | 4017 (86.8) |
| Academic center trials | |||||
| All (n = 5951) | 16 (0.3) | 221 (3.7) | 374 (6.3) | 276 (7.8) | 5175 (87.0) |
| 2000-2011 (n = 1806) | 7 (0.4) | 68 (3.8) | 149 (8.3) | 62 (7.4) | 1536 (85.0) |
| 2012-2018 (n = 4145) | 9 (0.2) | 153 (3.7) | 225 (5.4) | 214 (8.0) | 3639 (87.8) |
a
Not every trial that reported race reported ethnicity. The number of participants in trials that reported ethnicity was 5076, which is the denominator for all phase 1 trials (all trials in 2000-2011 [n = 1792] and 2012-2018 [n = 3295], all industry-funded trials in 2000-2011 [n = 138] and 2012-2018 [n = 2958], and all trials at academic centers in 2000-2011 [n = 841] and 2012-2018 [n = 2682]).