Table 1.

Predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics.

Measure				Data source		Measure construction		Measures refer to CGa or CRb; assessment times: 0 or BLc, 3, 6, and 12 months
Predisposing fixed characteristics
	Basic
		Age	EHRd or survey		Years		CG, CR; 0 months (BL)
		Sex	EHR or survey		Categorical: Male or female		CG, CR; 0 months (BL)
		Race or ethnicity	EHR or survey		Categorical: White, Black, Hispanic, other		CG, CR; 0 months (BL)
		Education	Survey		Categorical: <High school, high school, some college, college graduate+		CG; 0 months (BL)
		Prior (1-year) nonacute use	EHR or survey		Counts: Physician ambulatory visits		CR; 0 months (BL)
		Prior (1-year) acute use	EHR or survey		Counts: EDe, hospital visits or bed days		CR; 0 months (BL)
	AD/ADRDf specific
		Dementia type	EHR		Categorical: Including Alzheimer disease, Lewy Body disease, Parkinson disease, vascular, frontotemporal, and mixed		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Caregiver relationship to CR	Survey		Categorical: Spouse, child, other relative, friend or other		CG, CR; 0 months
		Functional state	Survey		14 items: Activities of Daily Living or Instrumental Activities of Daily Living [68] for CG; within HABC-Mg [66] for CR		CG, CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Marital status	Survey		Categorical: Single or never married, married, divorced, widowed		CG, CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Substance use history	Survey		Current: Yes or no; past history: yes or no		CG, CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Mental illness history	Survey		Yes or no: depression, schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder, other		CG, CR; 0 months
Enabling time-varying effect characteristics
	Basic
		Distance to hospital (ED)	Calculated		Miles		CG, CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Distance to usual source of care (USC)	Calculated		Miles		CG, CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Difference in distance ED vs USC	Calculated		Miles (USC)—distance to hospital		CG, CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Change in PCPh	Survey		Yes or no		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Insurance	EHR		Yes or no		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Current nonacute use	EHR or survey		Counts: physician ambulatory visits, in-home supportive services		CR; 0, 3, 6, and 12 months
		Current acute use	EHR or survey		Counts: physician ambulatory visits, ED, hospital visits or bed days		CR; 0, 3, 6, and 12 months
	AD/ADRD specific
		Mode of transportation	Survey		Categorical: personal car, taxi, train, bus, walk		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Caregiver living arrangement	Survey		Categorical: Live with subject, close proximity (miles), other		CG; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Caregiver stress	Survey		Stress thermometer (scale), 5-level visual analog scale [57]		CG; 0, 3, 6, and 12 months
		Dementia symptoms	Survey		HABC-M [66] (measuring severity of CR symptoms)		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
Need characteristics
	Basic
		Acute illness	Survey		Counts: episodes by type (classification by study physicians)		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Falls, other injuries	Survey		Counts: episodes by type (classification by study physicians)		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Nonacute illness	Survey		Counts: episodes by type (classification by study physicians)		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Medication need for refill	Survey		Categorical: Yes or no		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Clinical comorbid conditions	EHR		Charlson comorbidity index [69]		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Satisfaction	Survey		Scale: 0-10 (worst possible care to best possible care [70])		CG; 0, 3, and 6 months
	AD/ADRD specific
		Functional state	Survey		14 items: Activities of Daily Living or Instrumental Activities of Daily Living for CG [68]; within HABC-M [66] for CR		CG, CR; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Caregiver activation	Survey		MYLOHi Instrument [71]		CR; 0, 3, 6, and 12 months
		Social support	Survey		MOSj Abbreviated Social Support (4-item; 5-point Likert scale [64,72])		CG; 0, 3, and 6 months
		Other root causes	EHR		Application of post hoc adjudication of root causes for ED use		CR; 0, 3, and 6 months

^aCG: caregiver.

^bCR: care recipient.

^cBL: baseline.

^dEHR: electronic health record.

^eED: emergency department.

^fAD/ADRD: Alzheimer disease/Alzheimer Disease–Related Disorders.

^gHABC-M: Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor.

^hPCP: primary care physician.

ⁱMYLOH: Managing Your Loved One’s Health.

^jMOS: Medical Outcomes Study.