Table 3.
Associations between vitiligo and risk of new-onset common mental health conditions
| Number of people | Person-years at risk | Events | Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | Gender- and age-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | Fully adjusted hazard ratioa (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recurrent depressive disorder | ||||||
| Matched controls | 21 091 | 38 876 | 312 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Vitiligo cases | 6131 | 11 277 | 113 | 1.25 (1.01–1.55)* | 1.24 (1.00–1.53) | 1.25 (1.01–1.56)* |
| Depressive episodes | ||||||
| Matched controls | 21 602 | 39 746 | 501 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Vitiligo cases | 6206 | 11 392 | 157 | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 1.08 (0.91–1.30) | 1.11 (0.92–1.32) |
| Anxiety disorder | ||||||
| Matched controls | 24 834 | 46 038 | 382 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Vitiligo cases | 6655 | 12 297 | 122 | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 1.23 (1.01–1.51)* |
a.
Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, social deprivation quintile, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use and comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, chronic kidney disease stages 3–5, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic liver disease and dementia).
*
P < 0.05.