Figure 1.

Metabolic variables in normotensive (N), white-coat hypertensive (WCH), and sustained hypertensive (SH) subjects of the PAMELA (Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni) population, that is, a sample of about 2100 subjects representative of the citizenship of Monza—a town in the northeast outskirt of Milan—for age decades (25–74 years), sex, and socioeconomic status. Participation rate was 64% of the sample of 3200 subjects. The N status was established by office, 24-h, and home BP normality. WCH was diagnosed by office BP elevation (≥140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic) with a normal 24-h or home BP (<125/79 mm Hg or <132/82 mm Hg, respectively). SH was diagnosed by elevation of all 3 BP values. *P<0.05, statistical significance between groups. BMI indicates body mass index; Chol, cholesterol; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; and MS, metabolic syndrome. Data derived from Mancia et al.⁸