Table 1.

Characteristics of the patients and endoscopy outcomes

	Group M (%)	Group A (%)	P value
Number of patients (N)	181	195
Age (years)	64.2 ± 14.3	62.8 ± 15.7	0.38
Sex, male	53 (29.3%)	85 (43.6%)	< 0.01
Drinking	59 (32.6%)	81 (41.5%)	0.09
Smoking	39 (21.6%)	59 (30.3%)	0.06
BMI (kg/m2)	22.4 ± 3.6	22.2 ± 3.9	0.69
ASA-PS classification, I	170 (93.9%)	192 (98.5%)	0.03
Previous history of endoscopy	135(74.6%)	130 (66.7%)	0.11
Comorbidity
Cardiovascular diseases	24 (13.3%)	26 (13.3%)	1.00
Cerebrovascular diseases	9 (5.0%)	7 (3.6%)	0.61
Chronic kidney diseases	5 (2.8%)	6 (3.1%)	1.00
Chronic liver damage	4 (2.2%)	6 (3.1%)	0.75
Diabetes mellitus	34 (18.8%)	27 (13.9%)	0.21
Hypertension	63 (34.8%)	76 (39.0%)	0.45
Malignant diseases	54 (29.8%)	83 (42.6%)	0.01
Charlson comorbidity index	1.5 ± 1.6	1.3 ± 1.3	0.11
Types of endoscopy
Upper Gastrointestinal	117 (64.6%)	134 (68.7%)	0.44
Lower Gastrointestinal	59 (32.6%)	48 (24.6%)	0.11
Endoscopic ultrasonography	5 (2.8%)	12 (6.2%)	0.14
Endoscopic outcomes
Procedure time (min)	15.8 ± 7.7	20.0 ± 11.6	< 0.01
Mean midazolam dose (mg)	4.7 ± 1.6	4.0 ± 1.5	< 0.01
Using analgesic agent	57 (31.5%)	37 (19.0%)	0.01
Mean pentazocine dose (mg)	10.1 ± 3.6	9.0 ± 3.1	0.18
Mean pethidine dose (mg)	34.2 ± 3.7	35.0 ± 0.0	0.33
Using antagonist	3 (1.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0.11
Operator of trainee	89 (49.2%)	110 (56.4%)	0.18
Adverse events	2 (1.1%)	1 (0.5%)	0.61
Desaturation	1 (0.6%)	1 (0.5%)	1.00
Hypotension	1 (0.6%)	0 (0.0%)	1.00

Results are presented as the number of patients or mean ± standard deviation. BMI Body mass index, ASA-PS American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, group M: discharge standard using the modified post-anesthetic discharge scoring system, group A: discharge standard using the modified Aldrete score