Table 3.

Association between serum vitamin D levels (nmol/L) and VAT mass (mg) stratified by race and gender

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	P interaction
Stratified by race							0.4770
Mexican American	−2.57 (−3.28, − 1.86)	< 0.0001	− 2.60 (− 3.32, − 1.88)	< 0.0001	− 0.61 (− 1.03, − 0.19)	0.0046
Other Hispanic	−1.22 (− 2.04, − 0.41)	0.0035	−1.20 (− 2.01, − 0.38)	0.0042	− 0.33 (− 0.83, 0.17)	0.1924
Non-Hispanic White	−1.78 (− 2.21, − 1.35)	< 0.0001	−1.81 (− 2.24, − 1.38)	< 0.0001	− 0.27 (− 0.54, − 0.01)	0.0395
Non-Hispanic Black	− 0.86 (− 1.36, − 0.35)	0.0009	−0.95 (− 1.45, − 0.45)	0.0002	−0.02 (− 0.36, 0.32)	0.9182
Other Race	−0.57 (− 1.09, − 0.04)	0.0339	−0.61 (− 1.13, − 0.09)	0.0219	−0.22 (− 0.55, 0.12)	0.2032
Stratified by gender							0.0191
Boys	−0.87 (− 1.16, − 0.58)	< 0.0001	− 1.15 (− 1.46, − 0.84)	< 0.0001	−0.06 (− 0.25, 0.13)	0.5423
Girls	−1.43 (− 1.74, − 1.12)	< 0.0001	−2.02 (− 2.38, − 1.66)	< 0.0001	−0.39 (− 0.60, − 0.19)	0.0002

Model 1 adjusted for: None

Model 2 adjusted for age, race, and gender

Model 3 adjusted for age, race, gender, sedentary activity, ratio of family income to poverty, time of detection, BMI, and waist circumference

In the subgroup analysis stratified, the model is not adjusted for the stratification variable itself