Table 1.
Participant characteristic
| Variables | Non-sarcopenic (N=78) |
Probable Sarcopenia (N=123) |
P-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age (year) | 63.9 | 3.66 | 67.54 | 5.94 | <0.0001 |
| Postmenopausal age (year) | 47.35 | 4.86 | 47.91 | 5.64 | 0.53 |
| Physical activity (min) | 37.20 | 42.3 | 29.64 | 42.3 | 0.07 |
| Weight (kg) | 74.16 | 9.96 | 72.2 | 11.56 | 0.22 |
| Height (m) | 1.59 | 0.08 | 1.58 | 0.09 | 0.17 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.67 | 8.92 | 97.28 | 10.38 | 0.79 |
| MUAC (cm) | 32.5 | 2.09 | 31.56 | 3.01 | 0.02 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.26 | 4.07 | 28.82 | 4.09 | 0.45 |
| WHtR | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 | 0.08 | 0.7 |
| WHR a | 0.88 | 0.06 | 0.86 | 0.1 | 0.25 |
| HGS (Kg) | 13.29 | 3.52 | 9.16 | 3.03 | <0.0001 |
| N (%) | N (%) | ||||
| Gender | 0.12 | ||||
| Male | 14 (30.4) | 32 (69.6) | |||
| Female | 64 (41.3) | 91 (58.7) | |||
| Marital status | 0.16 | ||||
| Married | 61 (41.8) | 85 (58.2) | |||
| Other | 17 (27.33) | 38 (72.67) | |||
| Head of the family | 0.18 | ||||
| Father | 15 (32.6) | 31 (67.4) | |||
| Mother | 62 (41.9) | 86 (58.1) | |||
| Education | 0.14 | ||||
| High school or lower | 52 (36.1) | 92 (63.9) | |||
| University | 26 (45.6) | 31 (54.4) | |||
| Economic status | 0.002 | ||||
| Very bad | 7 (21.2) | 26 (78.8) | |||
| Bad | 20 (48.8) | 21 (51.2) | |||
| Average | 9 (25) | 27 (75) | |||
| Good | 9 (26.5) | 25 (73.5) | |||
| Very good | 32 (57.1) | 24 (42.9) | |||
| Supplements | |||||
| Vitamin D | 56 (40.9) | 81 (59.1) | 0.24 | ||
| Multivitamins | 32 (41) | 46 (59) | 0.36 | ||
| Minerals | 39 (39) | 61 (61) | 0.52 | ||
| Disorders | |||||
| Diabetes | 19 (38) | 31 (62) | 0.52 | ||
| Cardiovascular | 33 (29.5) | 79 (70.5) | 0.004 | ||
| Pulmonary | 7 (35) | 13 (65) | 0.46 | ||
| Renal | 4 (21.1) | 15 (78.9) | 0.07 | ||
| Skeletal | 46 (34.8) | 86 (65.2) | 0.08 | ||
| Psychological | 19 (31.7) | 41 (68.3) | 0.12 | ||
| Medication | |||||
| Diabetes | 14 (33.3) | 28 (66.7) | 0.28 | ||
| Cardiovascular | 25 (26) | 71 (74) | <0.0001 | ||
| Skeletal | 17 (32.7) | 35 (67.3) | 0.2 | ||
| Psychological | 11 (42.3) | 15 (57.7) | 0.41 | ||
| BMI Status | 0.49 | ||||
| Underweight | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | |||
| Normal | 50 (38.8) | 79 (61.2) | |||
| Overweight | 24 (39.3) | 37 (60.7) | |||
| WC Status. | 0.11 | ||||
| Normal | 17 (30.9) | 38 (69.1) | |||
| Abdominal obesity | 61 (41.8) | 85 (58.2) | |||
| WHtR status | 0.19 | ||||
| Normal | 31 (36.9) | 53 (63.1) | |||
| Abdominal obesity | 47 (40.2) | 70 (59.8) | |||
| WHR status a | 0.38 | ||||
| Normal | 23 (39) | 36 (61) | |||
| Abdominal obesity | 41 (42.7) | 55 (57.3) | |||
HGS Handgrip strength, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, MUAC Mid-upper arm circumference, WHtR Waist- to-height ratio, WHR Waist-to-hip ratio
*P ≤ 0.05; Student’s t-test was used for comparing the means difference of quantitative variables, X2 test was used for qualitative variables
a Calculated in women