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. 2022 Sep 30;15(3):206–218. doi: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_82_22

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Causes of SDF and consequences of SDF on fertility potential and well-being of the newborn. IUI: Intrauterine insemination; IVF: In vitro fertilisation; ICSI: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection; SDF: Sperm DNA fragmentation