Appendix 3—figure 1. Main results of tasks A, B, and C.

(A) Top: In task A, performance increased with age and plateaued in early adulthood, as captured in decreases in decision temperature $\frac{1}{\beta }$ and increases in learning rate $\alpha$ (Xia et al., 2021). Performance also increased over task time (blocks). Middle: In task B, performance showed a remarkable inverse U-shaped age trajectory: Performance increased markedly from early childhood (8–10 years) to mid-adolescence (13-15), but decreased in late adolescence (15-17) and adulthood (18-30) (Rosenbaum et al., 2020). Bottom: Task C showed that the effect of set size on performance (regression coefficient) decreased with age, which was captured by increases in RL learning rate, but stable WM limitations (Master et al., 2020). (B) Main behavioral features over age; colors denote task; all features are z-scored. Some measures (e.g. response times [RT], win-stay choices) were consistent across tasks, while others (e.g. accuracy [Acc.], lose-stay choices) showed significant differences (see Table Appendix 6—table 1).