Skip to main content
. 2022 Sep 23;12:988872. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988872

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Fatty acid metabolism in GBM cancer cells is linked to cell fate. (A) Desaturation activity of SCD (palmitate-to-palmitoleate ratio) and FADS2 (sapienate-to-palmitate ratio) in fresh frozen GBM tissue from eight patients (patient details in Supplementary Table S2 ). (B) Desaturation activity of SCD (palmitate-to-palmitoleate ratio) and FADS2 (sapienate-to-palmitate ratio) in human cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma (HUH7), lung adenocarcinoma (A549), immortalized GBM cells (U87, U251, U118, LN18) and patient-derived GBM cell lines (LBT 001, LBT 002, CME 005, CME 037, CME 038, LBT 070, LBT 086, LBT 096, LBT 123, CME 014, CME 016, CME 035, CME 036) (patient details corresponding to cell lines in Supplementary Table S1 ). Color scale represents mean desaturation activity (n=3). HUH7, U87, U251, LN18, U118 were cultured in 1% FBS medium, A549 cells were cultured in 0.5% FBS medium. Patient-derived GBM cells were cultured in NSA medium without FBS. (C) Brief overview of the fatty acid mono-desaturation pathway. (D) Average gene expression levels of FASN, SCD1 and FADS2 in cancer cell sub-clusters of interest (SC: 6, 7, 8, 11, 17) among those in Figure 1B . The color scale indicates Z-scores, based on the overall mean expression level (and associated standard deviation) for each gene across all sub-cluster. (E) GSVA scores for gene sets representing different GBM cell fates in cancer cell sub-clusters of interest (SC: 6, 7, 8, 11, 17) among those in Figure 1B . The color scale indicates Z-scores, based on the overall mean GSVA score (and associated standard deviation) for each gene set across all sub-clusters. MES, mesenchymal; AC, astrocytic cells; OPC, oligodendrocytic precursor cell; NPC, neuronal progenitor cell.