Table 3.
Univariate regression analyses of contact with mental health services and sociodemographic, psychosocial or clinical characteristics
| Sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical characteristics | No contact with mental health services | Contact with mental health services | OR (unadjusted) |
95% CI | p value | Likelihood Ratio overall p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |||||
| Age group (n = 162) | ||||||||
| 16–24 years | 19 | (17.8) | 9 | (16.0) | (reference) | 0.05 (1), p = .82 | ||
| 25 years and over | 88 | (82.2) | 46 | (84.0) | 1.10 | 0.46–2.63 | 0.82 | |
| Employment statusa (n = 160) | ||||||||
| Employed | 76 | (71.7) | 31 | (57.4) | (reference) | 3.24 (1), p = 0.07 | ||
| Unemployed & other | 30 | (28.3) | 23 | (42.6) | 1.88 | 0.94–3.70 | 0.07 | |
| Ethnic minority (n = 162) | ||||||||
| White | 48 | (44.9) | 29 | (52.7) | (reference) | 1.42, (4), p = 0.84 | ||
| Black | 40 | (37.4) | 16 | (29.1) | 0.66 | 0.32–1.39 | 0.32 | |
| Asian | 6 | (5.6) | 3 | (5.5) | 0.83 | 0.19–3.57 | 0.20 | |
| Mixed ethnicity | 5 | (4.7) | 2 | (3.6) | 0.66 | 0.12–3.64 | 0.12 | |
| Other ethnicity | 8 | (7.5) | 5 | (9.1) | 1.03 | 0.31–3.46 | 0.31 | |
| Highest level of academic attainment (n = 162) | ||||||||
| GCSE or lower | 15 | (14.0) | 8 | (14.6) | (reference) | 0.33, (2), p = 0.85 | ||
| A-level or equivalent | 27 | (25.2) | 16 | (29.1) | 0.85 | 0.39–3.20 | 0.85 | |
| University degree or above | 65 | (60.8) | 31 | (56.4) | 0.82 | 0.34–2.33 | 0.82 | |
| Income levela (n = 127) | ||||||||
| £0–£5475 | 13 | (15.9) | 9 | (20.0) | (reference) | 5.60, (5) p = 0.35 | ||
| £5476–£14,999 | 7 | (8.5) | 4 | (8.9) | 0.83 | 0.19–3.68 | 0.8 | |
| £15,000–£30,999 | 11 | (13.4) | 11 | (24.4) | 1.44 | 0.44–4.76 | 0.55 | |
| £31,000–£45,999 | 7 | (8.5) | 6 | (13.3) | 1.24 | 0.31–4.93 | 0.76 | |
| £46,000–£60,999 | 14 | (17.1) | 5 | (11.1) | 0.52 | 0.14–1.95 | 0.33 | |
| £61,000 + | 30 | (36.6) | 10 | (22.2) | 0.48 | 0.16–1.46 | 0.2 | |
| Immigration status (n = 162) | ||||||||
| Secure | 87 | (81.3) | 48 | (87.0) | (reference) | 0.97, (1), p = 0.33 | ||
| Insecure | 20 | (18.7) | 7 | (12.7) | 0.63 | 0.25–1.61 | 0.34 | |
| Relationship status (n = 162) | ||||||||
| Single, separated, divorced, widowed | 16 | (15.0) | 11 | (20.0) | (reference) | 0.65, (1), p = 0.42 | ||
| In a relationship | 91 | (85.1) | 44 | (80.0) | 0.70 | 0.30–1.64 | 0.42 | |
| Social provision (SPS)a (n = 121) | ||||||||
| Bottom percentile | 14 | (18.2) | 15 | (34.1) | (reference) | 3.79, (1), p = 0.05 | ||
| Top three percentile | 63 | (81.8) | 29 | (65.9) | 0.43 | 0.18–1.01 | 0.05 | |
| Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) category * (n = 134) | ||||||||
| No or minimal depressive symptoms | 21 | (24.4) | 4 | (8.3) | (reference) | 27.48, (3), p < 0.001 | ||
| Mild depressive symptoms | 45 | (52.3) | 11 | (22.9) | 1.28 | 0.37–4.51 | 0.7 | |
| Moderate depressive symptoms | 12 | (14.0) | 17 | (35.4) | 7.44 | 2.03–27.28 | < 0.001 | |
| Severe depressive symptoms | 8 | (9.3) | 16 | (33.3) | 10.50 | 2.68–41.12 | < 0.001 | |
| History of deliberate self-harm or suicide attempt (n = 138) | ||||||||
| No | 81 | (75.7) | 40 | (72.7) | (reference) | 0.17, (1), p = 0.68 | ||
| Yes | 26 | (24.3) | 15 | (27.3) | 1.17 | 0.56–2.45 | 0.68 | |
| Past psychiatric admission (n = 162) | ||||||||
| No | 103 | (96.3) | 48 | (87.3) | (reference) | 4.34, (1), p < 0.05 | ||
| Yes | 4 | (3.7) | 7 | (12.7) | 3.76 | 1.05–13.44 | 0.04 | |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2)a (n = 132) | ||||||||
| GAD negative | 62 | (73.8) | 20 | (41.7) | (reference) | 13.35, (1), p < 0.001 | ||
| GAD positive | 22 | (26.2) | 28 | (58.3) | 3.95 | 1.86–8.37 | < 0.001 | |
| More than 1 child (n = 162) | ||||||||
| No | 61 | (57.0) | 23 | (41.8) | (reference) | 3.37, (1), p = 0.07 | ||
| Yes | 46 | (43.0) | 32 | (58.2) | 1.84 | 0.96–3.56 | 0.07 | |
aThere were additional missing values for these variables, as not all women completed these measures