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. 2022 Nov 4;9:671. doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01791-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Phenological stages of bud burst in Pinus sylvestris assessed in field trials. Inset numbers correspond to budburst stage. Budburst stage 1: bud dormant; 2: bud swelling and showing signs of linear expansion; 3: scales open at base revealing green tissue. Remaining bud remains encased by smooth bud scales; 4: scales open along length of shoot revealing green tissue and partially visible needles; 5: white tipped needles visible along length of the shoot; 6: green needles emerging away from the shoot (bottle brush appearance) along its entire length; 7: Needles have separated and next year’s terminal bud is usually formed and clearly visible.