Table 1.
Selection of frequently reported molecules that mediate the PTMs of the p53 protein under homeostatic and stress conditions.
| Protein | Type | PTM | Effect on p53 | Deletion phenotype in mice |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDM2 | E3 ubiquitin ligase, RING-type | Ubiquitination | Nuclear export, degradation | Embryonic lethal |
| Pirh2 | E3 ubiquitin ligase, RING-type | Ubiquitination | Degradation | Viable |
| Cop1 | E3 ubiquitin ligase, RING-type | Ubiquitination | Degradation | Embryonic lethal |
| UBE4B | E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase, U-box type | Ubiquitination | Degradation | Embryonic lethal |
| CHIP | E3 ubiquitin ligase, U-box type | Ubiquitination | Degradation | Viable, aging |
| Trim24 | E3 ubiquitin ligase, RING-type | Ubiquitination | Degradation | Viable |
| USP7 | Deubiquitinating enzyme | Deubiquitination | Stabilization, degradation | Embryonic lethal |
| ATM | Kinase | Phosphorylation | Stabilization | Viable, acutely radiosensitive |
| ATR | Kinase | Phosphorylation | Stabilization | Embryonic lethal |
| CHK1 | Kinase | Phosphorylation | Stabilization | Embryonic lethal |
| CHK2 | Kinase | Phosphorylation | Stabilization | Viable |
| DNA-PK | Kinase | Phosphorylation | Stabilization | Viable |
| WIP1 | Phosphatase | Dephosphorylation | Destabilization | Viable, cancer resistant |