TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Variables | Normal mucosa (n = 32) | Esophagitis (n = 30) | LGIN (n = 12) | HGIN (n = 8) | ESCC (n = 23) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.026 | |||||
| <60 | 20 | 16 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| ≥60 | 12 | 14 | 9 | 4 | 18 | |
| Sex | 0.008 | |||||
| Female | 18 | 23 | 6 | 6 | 5 | |
| Male | 14 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 18 | |
| Education | 0.009 | |||||
| Primary education or less | 13 | 17 | 7 | 4 | 20 | |
| Secondary education or more | 19 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 3 | |
| Annual income per capita | 0.004 | |||||
| ≤10,000 RMB | 15 | 18 | 7 | 6 | 20 | |
| >10,000 RMB | 17 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 3 | |
| Drinking alcohol | 0.004 | |||||
| Yes | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | |
| No | 28 | 27 | 12 | 8 | 13 | |
| Smoking | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 15 | |
| No | 26 | 27 | 11 | 8 | 8 | |
| Drinking tea | 0.047 | |||||
| Yes | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
| No | 27 | 30 | 12 | 8 | 16 | |
| Family history of cancer | 0.029 | |||||
| Yes | 18 | 19 | 9 | 7 | 19 | |
| No | 14 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
| Taking fruit | 0.021 | |||||
| High | 14 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 3 | |
| Low | 18 | 20 | 7 | 6 | 20 | |
| Taking pickled food | 0.050 | |||||
| High | 5 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 11 | |
| Low | 27 | 22 | 8 | 6 | 12 | |
| Taking hot food | 0.335 | |||||
| High | 19 | 23 | 11 | 6 | 19 | |
| Low | 13 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
Note: p‐values were calculated by the Chi‐square test, comparing the normal, esophagitis & LGIN group and HGIN & ESCC group.
Abbreviations: ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; HGIN, high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia; LGIN, low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia.