Fig. 8.

Examining differences in model outputs for both trial-level modeling (TLM) and condition-level modeling (CLM) with various trial sample sizes (created by subsampling the full set of trials). The approximate total number of trials per subject are: 350 ± 36 incongruent trials and 412 ± 19 congruent trials. A single axial slice (Z = 0) is shown in each case; translucent thresholding is applied, as shown beneath the data colorbars. (A) Effect estimates of the contrast between incongurent and congruent conditions are relatively large and positive in regions with strong statistical evidence, not varying much with the number of trials or between the two modeling approaches of TLM and CLM. (B) The strength of statistical evidence for both TLM and CLM improves incrementally with the trial sample size. TLM and CLM rendered quite similar statistical results in most regions, with the latter showing somewhat larger statistical values at the edges (consistent with having a similar effect estimate and underestimated σ, resembling simulation results).