Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with and without GDM in early pregnancy
| Characteristics | All n=7816 |
GDM n=669 |
Non-GDM n=7147 |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational weeks | 10.7 (10.6-10.7) | 10.7 (10.6-10.7) | 10.7 (10.5-10.8) | 0.957 |
| Maternal age (years) | 30.5±3.9 | 32.1±4.3 | 30.4±3.9 | < 0.001 |
| < 25 | 346 (4.4) | 18 (2.7) | 328 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
| 25 - 34 | 6191 (79.2) | 466 (69.7) | 5725 (80.1) | |
| ≥35 | 1279 (16.4) | 185 (27.7) | 1094 (15.3) | |
| Parity (Number of deliveries) | ||||
| 0 | 5961 (76.3) | 480 (71.7) | 5481 (76.7) | 0.004 |
| ≥1 | 1855 (23.7) | 189 (28.3) | 1666 (23.3) | |
| Prepregnancy BMI | 21.3±2.9 | 22.6±3.6 | 21.2±2.8 | < 0.001 |
| < 18.5 | 1105 (14.1) | 57 (8.5) | 1048 (14.7) | < 0.001 |
| 18.5 - 23.9 | 5517 (70.6) | 419 (62.6) | 5098 (71.3) | |
| 24.0 - 27.9 | 945 (12.1) | 138(20.6) | 807(11.3) | |
| ≥28.0 | 249 (3.2) | 55 (8.2) | 194 (2.7) | |
| Vitamin D concentration (ng/mL) | 19.6±7.5 | 19.0±6.8 | 19.6±7.5 | 0.031 |
| Deficiency (<20.0) | 4152 (53.1) | 361 (54.0) | 3791 (53.0) | 0.020 |
| Insufficiency (20.0-29.9) | 3011 (38.5) | 271 (40.5) | 2740 (38.3) | |
| Sufficiency (≥30.0) | 653 (8.4) | 37 (5.5) | 616 (8.6) | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.31±0.58 | 1.55±0.56 | 1.29±0.78 | < 0.001 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.10±0.27 | 5.26±0.29 | 5.08±0.26 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.49±0.36 | 4.75±0.47 | 4.46±0.34 | < 0.001 |
Data were presented as n (%) for categorical data, mean ± SD for parametrically distributed data, or median (IQRs) for nonparametrically distributed data
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, BMI Body mass index, GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus