Table 1.

Index definitions and data sources of CPHI (2020)

Dimension	No	Indicator	Definition	Data source
A Prevalence of chronic pain	A01	Headache prevalence	The proportion of the surveyed population who has been diagnosed with headache after age standardization	GBD China(2019)
	A02	Musculoskeletal pain prevalence	The proportion of people who have been diagnosed with musculoskeletal pain after age standardization	GBD China(2019)
	A03	Headache incidence rate	Among the surveyed population, the proportion of newly diagnosed headaches each year after age standardization	GBD China(2019)
	A04	Incidence rate of musculoskeletal pain	Among the surveyed population, the proportion of newly diagnosed musculoskeletal pain each year after age standardization	GBD China(2019)
B Disease burden of chronic pain	B01	Headache DALYs	The number of years lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death caused by headaches including YLLs and YLDs	GBD China(2019)
	B02	Musculoskeletal pain DALYs	The number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death caused by musculoskeletal pain including YLLs and YLDs	GBD China(2019)
	B03	Direct economic burden of pain	The per capita annual medical expenses including all related medical expenses such as drugs, surgery, medical treatment, and examination incurred by pain patients due to the treatment of pain	NHWS
	B04	Indirect economic burden of pain	The economic loss of pain patients to the patient himself and to the society including the loss of lost work or absenteeism	NHWS
C Treatment of chronic pain	C01	Standardization of doctors’ behavior in diagnosis and treatment	Average score on the Doctor’s Standardization Questionnaire for Diagnosis and Treatment	doctors’ survey
	C02	Visiting rate of pain patients	Proportion of patients who visited the hospital in the past month reported pain	NHWS
	C03	Treatment rate of pain patients	The proportion of pain patients receiving treatment (including drugs, surgery, physical therapy, auxiliary treatment, psychotherapy, etc.)	NHWS
	C04	Satisfaction of pain patients with analgesic medication	The proportion of pain patients who are satisfied after receiving analgesic medication	NHWS
D development of chronic pain disciplines	D01	Pain department coverage	The number of secondary and tertiary hospitals with pain departments accounted for the proportion of all secondary and tertiary hospitals	CMDA
	D02	Pain physicians per million population	The number of pain physicians per million population	CMDA
	D03	Average hours of pain training per medical staff per year	Among the survey respondents, the average number of hours per person receives continuing education on pain per year	doctors’ survey
	D04	The current academic qualifications of pain physicians	Among the survey respondents, the proportion of pain physicians with master’s degree or above	CMDA

Headache disorders include Migraine and Tension-type headache. Musculoskeletal disorders include Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Low back pain, Neck pain, Gout and other musculoskeletal disorders