Table 5.

Association between quality of sleep and behavioral problems

	Crude model				IPTW model
	OR	95% CI		p	OR	95% CI		p
Subjective sleep quality
No-risk group (= 0)	Ref				Ref
Risk group (≥ 1)	4.000	1.395	11.467	0.010	3.373	1.159	9.811	0.026
Sleep latency
No-risk group (= 0)	Ref				Ref
Risk group (≥ 1)	1.930	0.991	3.760	0.053	1.993	0.974	4.078	0.059
Sleep duration
No-risk group (= 0)	Ref				Ref
Risk group (≥ 1)	1.657	0.616	4.453	0.317	1.785	0.593	5.369	0.302
Habitual sleep efficiency
No-risk group (= 0)	Ref				Ref
Risk group (≥ 1)	5.713	1.450	22.518	0.013	2.834	0.628	12.802	0.176
Sleep disturbances
No-risk group (= 0)	Ref				Ref
Risk group (≥ 1)	3.035	1.475	6.245	0.003	2.473	1.165	5.251	0.018
Use of sleeping medication
No-risk group (= 0)	Ref				Ref
Risk group (≥ 1)	4.991	0.506	49.194	0.169	3.452	0.350	34.023	0.289
Daytime dysfunction
No-risk group (= 0)	Ref				Ref
Risk group (≥ 1)	13.040	3.930	43.265	< 0.001	11.295	3.345	38.139	< 0.001
PSQI-global score
No-risk group (≤ 5)	Ref				Ref
Risk group (> 5)	9.577	3.906	23.480	< 0.001	8.988	3.119	25.898	< 0.001

Bold numbers indicate statistically significant differences

IPTW model, inverse probability of treatment weighted model; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index