Table 2.
Anthropometric characteristics and biochemical parameters of men subjects according to FLI categories (n = 19,362)
| Men characteristics | FLI < 30 | FLI 30–59 | FLI ≥ 60 | *p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 7979 (41.2%) | n = 5986 (30.9%) | n = 5397 (27.9%) | ||
| Age (years) | 39.32 (10.03) | 43.72 (9.57) | 42.23 (9.99) | < 0.001a, c |
| Social class | 0.070 | |||
| High | 2586 (32.4%) | 1963 (32.8%) | 1667 (26.8%) | |
| Low | 5393 (67.6%) | 4023 (67.2%) | 3730 (69.1%) | |
| Smoking status | < 0.001 | |||
| Never | 4412 (55.3%) | 3149 (52.6%) | 2486 (46.1%) | a, b, c |
| Former | 1053 (13.2%) | 1134 (18.9%) | 1350 (25.0%) | a, b, c |
| Current | 2514 (31.5%) | 1703 (28.4%) | 1561 (28.9%) | a, c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.56 (2.20) | 26.99 (2.17) | 31.44 (4.10) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| BMI categories | < 0.001 | |||
| Normal weight | 6071 (76.1%) | 940 (15.7%) | 88 (1.6%) | a, b, c |
| Overweight | 1904 (23.9%) | 4573 (76.4%) | 1905 (37.0%) | a, b, c |
| Obese | 4 (0.1%) | 473 (7.9%) | 3314 (61.4%) | a, b, c |
| WC (cm) | 82.66 (5.99) | 90.44 (6.11) | 97.85 (6.68) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.36 (13.86) | 126.74 (14.61) | 131.99 (16.76) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.96 (9.74) | 77.26 (10.40) | 81.25 (11.22) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| BP categories | < 0.001 | |||
| Normal | 5352 (67.1%) | 2935 (49.0%) | 1827 (33.9%) | a, b, c |
| Prehypertension | 1269 (15.9%) | 1187 (19.8%) | 983 (18.2%) | a, c |
| Hypertension | 1358 (17.0%) | 1864 (31.1%) | 2587 (47.9%) | a, b, c |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 88.82 (16.08) | 92.81 (18.33) | 99.04 (25.87) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| Diabetes categories | 6919 (86.7%) | 4570 (76.3%) | 3445 (77.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Normal | 820 (10.3%) | 1008 (16.8%) | 1207 (22.4%) | a, c |
| Prediabetes | 240 (3.0%) | 408 (6.8%) | 745 (13.8%) | a, b, c |
| Diabetes | a, b, c | |||
| GGT (IU/L) | 21.90 (11.00) | 32.92 (23.33) | 52.32 (50.77) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| AST (IU/L)d | 21.41 (9.98) | 23.77 (14.48) | 27.40 (13.72) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| ALT (IU/L)e | 21.17 (12.59) | 30.24 (17.73) | 38.57 (22.87) | < 0.001a,b,c |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185.26 (33.14) | 200.95 (35.52) | 211.88 (38.68) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 56.21 (10.65) | 53.29 (9.79) | 50.47 (9.97) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| TG (mg/dL) | 88.32 (34.92) | 127.27 (56.92) | 191.79 (117.73) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| Dyslipidemia | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 7457 (93.5%) | 4583 (76.6%) | 2772 (51.4%) | a, b, c |
| Yes | 522 (6.5%) | 1403 (23.4%) | 2625 (48.6%) | a, b, c |
| Presence of MetS | 52 (0.7%) | 768 (12.8%) | 2978 (55.2%) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| REGICOR | < 0.001 | |||
| Low risk | 4816 (60.4%) | 3923 (65.5%) | 3133 (58.1%) | a, c |
| Moderated risk | 476, (6.0%) | 901 (15.1%) | 1325 (24.6%) | a, b, c |
| High risk | 25 (0.3%) | 80 (1.3%) | 138 (2.6%) | a, b, c |
| Severe risk | 3 (0.0%) | 11 (0.2%) | 31 (0.6%) | a, b, c |
Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation) and as count (percentage)
FLI: fatty liver index; BMI: body mass index; BMI categories: normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2), obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). WC: waist circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BP: blood pressure; BP categories: normal BP (SBP < 130 and/or DBP < 85 mmHg), prehypertension (SBP 130 to 139 and/or DBP 85 to 89 mmHg), hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg and/or with antihypertensive treatment); FPG: fasting plasma glucose; diabetes categories: normal (FPG < 100), prediabetes (FPG 100 to 125), diabetes (FPG > 125 and/or antidiabetic treatment); GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides, dyslipidemia: no (TG < 150 and/or HDL < 40 mg/dL in men, < 46 mg/dL in women), yes (TG ≥ 150 and/or HDL ≥ 40 mg/dL in men, ≥ 46 mg/dL in women); MetS: metabolic syndrome according to the IDF; Framingham-REGICOR: low risk (< 5%), moderate risk (5–9.9%), high risk (10–14.9%), severe risk (> 15%)
*p values obtained by one-way ANOVA for continuous variables or by Chi-square for categorical variables
Post hoc test by Bonferroni: asignificant difference between FLI < 30 and FLI 30–59; bsignificant difference between FLI 30–59 and FLI ≥ 60; csignificant difference between FLI < 30 and FLI ≥ 60
dAST available for n = 12,721 (FLI < 30 n = 5362; FLI 30–59 n = 3866; FLI ≥ 60 n = 3493)
eALT available for n = 19,347 (FLI < 30 n = 7973; FLI 30–59 n = 5980; FLI ≥ 60 n = 5394)