Table 3.
Anthropometric characteristics and biochemical parameters of women subjects according to FLI categories (n = 13,846)
| Women characteristics | FLI < 30 n = 10,960 (79.16%) |
FLI 30–59 n = 1937 (14%) |
FLI ≥ 60 n = 948 (6.85%) |
*p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 39.01 (10.46) | 44.07 (10.24) | 40.05 (10.60) | < 0.001a, c |
| Social class | < 0.001 | |||
| High | 3832 (35.0%) | 507 (26.2%) | 232 (24.5%) | a, c |
| Low | 7128 (65.0%) | 1430 (73.8%) | 716 (75.5%) | a, c |
| Smoking status | < 0.001 | |||
| Never | 6572 (60.0%) | 1185 (61.2%) | 606 (63.9%) | |
| Former | 1465 (13.4%) | 307 (15.8%) | 146 (15.4%) | a |
| Current | 2923 (26.7%) | 445 (23.0%) | 196 (20.7%) | a, c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.23 (3.35) | 31.05 (3.30) | 36.39 (4.75) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| BMI categories | < 0.001 | |||
| Normal weight | 7701 (70.3%) | 45 (2.3%) | 2 (0.2%) | a, b, c |
| Overweight | 3045 (27.8%) | 653 (33.7%) | 37 (3.9%) | b, c |
| Obese | 214 (2.0%) | 1,239 (64.0%) | 909 (95.9%) | a, b, c |
| WC (cm) | 73.34 (5.63) | 84.46 (5.59) | 88.09 (4.73) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| SBP (mmHg) | 112.76 (14.50) | 121.67 (16.67) | 127.09 (17.75) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70.22 (9.81) | 75.49 (10.95) | 79.22 (11.14) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| BP categories | < 0.001 | |||
| Normal | 8948 (81.6%) | 1141 (58.9%) | 421 (44.4%) | a, b, c |
| Prehypertension | 880 (8.0%) | 241 (12.4%) | 135 (14.2%) | a, b, c |
| Hypertension | 1132 (10.3%) | 555 (28.7%) | 392 (41.4%) | a, b, c |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 86.07 (13.63) | 93.01 (22.74) | 99.73 (30.05) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| Diabetes categories | < 0.001 | |||
| Normal | 9999 (91.2%) | 1485 (76.7%) | 589 (62.1%) | a, b, c |
| Prediabetes | 735 (6.7%) | 293 (15.1%) | 206 (21.7%) | a, b, c |
| Diabetes | 226 (2.1%) | 159 (8.2%) | 153 (16.1%) | a, b, c |
| GGT (UI/L) | 16.63 (9.43) | 25.70 (25.57) | 37.17 (37.20) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| AST (IU/L)d | 17.17 (7.45) | 19.64 (11.00) | 21.63 (10.72) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| ALT (IU/L)e | 17.68 (10.16) | 22.01 (16.98) | 27.50 (18.88) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189.76 (34.77) | 203.57 (35.48) | 210.77 (38.79) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.81 (11.68) | 55.57 (10.53) | 53.12 (9.93) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| TG (mg/dL) | 83.04 (34.43) | 119.89 (53.59) | 158.81 (88.95) | < 0.001 a,b,c |
| Dyslipidemia | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 10,392 (94.8%) | 1559 (80.5%) | 625 (65.9%) | a, b, c |
| Yes | 568 (5.2%) | 378 (19.5%) | 323 (34.1%) | a, b, c |
| Presence of MetS | 19 (0.2%) | 249 (12.9%) | 408 (43.0%) | < 0.001a, b, c |
| REGICOR | < 0.001 | |||
| Low risk | 6487 (59.2%) | 1177 (60.8%) | 488 (51.5%) | b, c |
| Moderated risk | 550 (5.0%) | 353 (18.2%) | 203 (21.4%) | a, b, c |
| High risk | 42 (0.4%) | 43 (2.2%) | 53 (5.6%) | a, b, c |
| Severe risk | 1 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) | 5 (0.5%) | b, c |
Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation) and as count (percentage)
FLI: fatty liver index; BMI: body mass index; BMI categories: normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2), obese (BM I ≥ 30 kg/m2). WC: waist circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BP: blood pressure; BP categories: normal BP (SBP < 130 and/or DBP < 85 mmHg), prehypertension (SBP 130 to 139 and/or DBP 85 to 89 mmHg), hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg and/or with antihypertensive treatment); FPG: fasting plasma glucose; diabetes categories: normal (FPG < 100), prediabetes (FPG 100 to 125), diabetes (FPG > 125 and/or antidiabetic treatment); GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides, dyslipidemia: no (TG < 150 and/or HDL < 40 mg/dL in men, < 46 mg/dL in women), yes (TG ≥ 150 and/or HDL ≥ 40 mg/dL in men, ≥ 46 mg/dL in women); MetS, metabolic syndrome according to the IDF; Framingham-REGICOR: low risk (< 5%), moderate risk(5–9.9%), high risk (10–14.9%), severe risk (> 15%)
*p values obtained by one-way ANOVA for continuous variables or by Chi-square for categorical variables
Post hoc test by Bonferroni: asignificant difference between FLI < 30 and FLI 30–59; bsignificant difference between FLI 30–59 and FLI ≥ 60; csignificant difference between FLI < 30 and FLI ≥ 60
dAST available for n = 8259 (FLI < 30 n = 6939; FLI 30–59 n = 1246; FLI ≥ 60 n = 620)
eALT available for n = 13,829 (FLI < 30 n = 10,951; FLI 30–59 n = 1932; FLI ≥ 60 n = 946)