Fig. 4.

Fetuin-A treatment inhibits microglial activation and ameliorates inflammatory response after CCI. The mice were treated with Fetuin-A at indicated concentrations after TBI. A, B Immunohistochemistry assessment of Iba-1 in sham or CCI at 6 h and statistical analysis of Iba-1. Reduced process length, branch endpoint and swollen soma were observed in CCI-induced microglial cells (scale bar = 50 μm, n = 3). C, D Western blot analysis of Iba-1 expression from peri-contusional area. GAPDH was used as the loading control. And bar graphs show the results of analysis (by band density analysis) of these proteins (n = 3). E, F The co-localization of CD16/32 with Iba-1 by immunofluorescence assay with representative imaging and statistical analysis. Scale bar is 50 μm (n = 3). G IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 secretion was measured using ELISA (n = 7). H, I Immunofluorescence for MPO in the peri-contusional area and statistical analysis of MPO (scale bar is 100 μm, n = 3). Data are presented as the means ± SD; *P < 0.05 vs. sham group, **P < 0.01 vs. sham group, ^#P < 0.05 vs. CCI group