The use of end motifs resulting from the differential cutting within the cleavage measurement window for cancer detection. (A) The correlation between CGN/NCG motif ratio originating from Alu regions and tumor DNA fraction determined by copy number aberrations in patients with HCC. (B) The CGN/NCG motif ratio concerning HCC-specific hypomethylated CpGs in plasma DNA among non-HCC patients (healthy controls and HBV carriers) and HCC patients with early (eHCC), intermediate (iHCC), and advanced (aHCC) stages. (C) HCC probability determined by SVM models using CG-containing motifs (i.e., CGA, CGT, CGC, CGG, ACG, TCG, CCG, and GCG). (D) ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis between CG-containing motifs and motif diversity scores. (E) The adjusted CGN/NCG motif ratios of informative CpGs between non-NPC and NPC patients. (F) PPVs archived by PCR-based assay, the approach based on EBV DNA proportion and size ratio, and the approach based on the combined EBV DNA proportion, size ratio, and cleavage motifs.