Table 1.
Physiological indicators and inflammatory factors in serum of DKD patients.
| Clinical parameters | Control (n = 30) | Group 1 (n = 30) | Group 2 (n = 30) | Group 3 (n = 30) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 1.13 | 5.4 ± 1.91 | 4.8 ± 2.38 | 7.3 ± 2.76∗ |
| FINS (μmol/L) | 12.3 ± 4.24 | 21.7 ± 3.87 | ∗25.1 ± 5.72∗ | 22.9 ± 4.65∗ |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.2 ± 0.61 | 5.1 ± 0.82 | 5.6 ± 1.43∗ | 6.1 ± 2.67∗ |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.47 | 2.4 ± 0.73∗ | 3.1 ± 1.15∗ | 3.5 ± 1.41∗ |
| Serum creatinine (mg/L) | 0.8 ± 0.15 | 1.1 ± 0.26 | 1.2 ± 0.19∗ | 1.5 ± 0.55∗ |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 1.76 | 5.1 ± 2.18 | 5.6 ± 2.41 | 6.8 ± 2.93∗ |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 115.8 ± 20.15 | 110.1 ± 25.12 | 95.7 ± 15.63 | 85.4 ± 12.69∗ |
| AST (unit/g) | 16.8 ± 3.61 | 21.5 ± 4.69 | 19.3 ± 3.62 | 25.6 ± 5.91 |
| ALT (unit/L) | 10.2 ± 2.83 | 16.7 ± 5.78 | 26.5 ± 7.43 | 31.9 ± 6.94 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 45.3 ± 4.13 | 43.3 ± 3.63 | 41.1 ± 3.46 | 39.3 ± 3.17 |
| AIF-1 (pg/mL) | 50.3 ± 5.23 | 80.5 ± 7.26∗ | 149.6 ± 8.14# | 310.1 ± 20.23# |
| miR-34a (fold) | 1.0 ± 0.01 | 1.5 ± 0.12∗ | 2.6 ± 0.23# | 4.3 ± 0.34# |
| NLRP3 (ng/ml) | 2.5 ± 0.23 | 7.5 ± 1.73∗ | 15.5 ± 2.71# | 25.8 ± 3.28# |
| ATG4B (ng/ml) | 21.2 ± 2.24 | 19.3 ± 1.58∗ | 13.5 ± 1.22# | 8.4 ± 2.73# |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 1.5 ± 0.14 | 3.5 ± 0.41∗ | 9.8 ± 1.91# | 17.3 ± 3.36# |
| IL-18 (pg/mL) | 20.1 ± 3.51 | 60.2 ± 5.98∗ | 78.2 ± 6.38# | 96.1 ± 8.53# |
Control: healthy people; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; FINS: fasting insulin; BUN: urea nitrogen; eGFR: estimated glomerular infiltration rate; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine transaminase; AIF-1: allograft inflammatory factor-1; miR-34a: microRNA 34a; ATG4B: autophagy related 4 homolog B; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3; IL-1β: interleukin 1β; IL-18: interleukin 18; Group 1: 30 mg/g ≤ ACR ≤ 300 mg/g; Group 2: ACR > 300 mg/g; Group 3: normal control group; versus control, ∗P < 0.01, #P < 0.001.