Table 1.
Main EDCs and their applications [16]
| Applications of EDCs | |
|---|---|
| Applications | |
| Environmental pollutants | |
| Dioxin | Non-man made, unintentional byproducts of industrial production and combustion |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | |
| Flame retardants | |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | Added to textile, electronic, and construction materials and foam products to make them difficult to burn |
| Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) | |
| Repellents | |
| Perfluoroalkyls (PFAS: PFOA and PFOS) | Used to protect products like carpet and fabric, as a coating for paper and cardboard packaging, and in some firefighting foams |
| Plastics | |
| Bisphenol A | Found in a wide variety of domestic applications, including baby bottles and food packaging |
| Phthalates | |
| Methacrylonitrile | |
| Pesticides and fungicides | |
| Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) | Insecticide, mainly used against Anopheles mosquito in the eradication of malaria |
| Chlordane | Insect control of stored food and clothing; as well as termite control, carpenter ants and wood beetle |
| Endosulphan | Pesticide used widely on crops like cashew, cotton, tea, paddy, fruits and others |
| Tributyltin chloride | Fungicide agents in textiles and paper, wood pulp and paper mill systems, breweries |
| Aerosol | |
| Carbon tetrachloride | Refrigerant fluid, propellants for aerosol cans, pesticides, cleaning fluid and degreasing agent, in fire extinguishers, and in spot removers. These uses are banRed, and it is now only used in some industrial applications |