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. 2022 Nov 5;13:6690. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34491-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a The phylogenetic tree of 13 plant species and the evolution of the gene families. Numerical values besides each node show the estimated divergence time of each node. The red dots on the nods indicate the existence of fossil evidence that supported the estimated time. The numbers in the middle panel indicated the expanded and contracted gene families. The right panel displays the gene number of single-copy, multiple-copy, unique and other orthologues. b The top-20 enriched Gene Ontology terms of the shared expanded genes in three Allium crops. Chi-square test was used to calculate the P-values of the gene terms when all the expected frequency were higher than five, otherwise, we used Fisher’s exact test to calculate the P-values. c Genomic collinearity between three Allium crops. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.