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. 2022 Nov 5;12:18814. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23529-7

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plasmodium falciparum infection stage affects antennal transcript abundance in Anopheles gambiae. Principal component analysis (a) of the overall transcript abundance in the antennae of midgut oocyst-infected (7 days post-infection, dpi) and salivary gland sporozoite-infectious (14 dpi) mosquitoes compared to age-matched uninfected mosquitoes (7 days control, dc and 14 dc). Plasmodium falciparum infection load is indicated (see Supplementary Fig. 1). Proportional Venn diagrams (b, c) depicting pairwise comparisons among the antennal transcriptomes of midgut oocyst-infected, salivary gland sporozoite-infectious, and age-matched uninfected females. Overlapping regions represent the subsets of transcripts that are shared between the different conditions. Significant differences in transcript abundance were determined as a fold change of greater than 1.5, and an FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05.