Table 2.
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for development of exudative age-related macular degeneration according to baseline lipid profile.
| Subject No | Case No | Duration (person-years) | IR per 100,000 person-years | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||||
| Overall | 6,129,616 | 18,803 | 29,961,137 | 62.76 | |||
| Baseline total cholesterol | |||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1,524,313 | 5,970 | 7,352,593 | 81.20 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | 1,496,337 | 4,702 | 7,327,003 | 64.17 | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| Q3 | 1,549,911 | 4,373 | 7,615,387 | 57.42 | 0.94 (0.90–0.97) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) |
| Q4 (highest) | 1,559,055 | 3,758 | 7,666,154 | 49.02 | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) |
| Baseline HDL cholesterol | |||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1,450,022 | 5,056 | 7,048,349 | 71.73 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | 1,524,625 | 4,859 | 7,465,328 | 65.09 | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) |
| Q3 | 1,614,880 | 4,730 | 7,914,017 | 59.77 | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 1.06 (1.01–1.10) | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) |
| Q4 (highest) | 1,540,089 | 4,158 | 7,533,444 | 55.19 | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) | 1.11 (1.06–1.15) | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) |
| Baseline LDL cholesterol | |||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1,517,736 | 5,662 | 7,339,297 | 77.15 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | 1,547,973 | 4,915 | 7,569,841 | 64.93 | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) |
| Q3 | 1,493,483 | 4,266 | 7,330,769 | 58.19 | 0.93 (0.90–0.97) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Q4 (highest) | 1,570,424 | 3,960 | 7,721,230 | 51.29 | 0.91 (0.88–0.95) | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| Baseline TG | |||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1,503,719 | 4,583 | 7,333,871 | 62.49 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | 1,548,052 | 4,910 | 7,555,056 | 64.99 | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) |
| Q3 | 1,532,448 | 4,925 | 7,493,265 | 65.73 | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) |
| Q4 (highest) | 1,545,397 | 4,385 | 7,578,945 | 57.86 | 0.90 (0.86–0.93) | 0.87 (0.83–0.90) | 0.84 (0.81–0.88) |
IR incidence rate, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, Q quartile, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides.
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2: adjusted for demographic factors (age, sex, income level), and systemic comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidemia medication).
Model 3: adjusted for demographic factors, systemic comorbidities, and behavioral factors (smoking history, drinking habits, physical activity, and body mass index).