Table 3.
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for development of exudative age-related macular degeneration according to baseline lipid profile (sensitivity analysis excluding subjects taking lipid-lowering medication at baseline).
| Subject No | Case No | Duration (person-years) | IR per 100,000 person-years | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||||
| Overall | |||||||
| Baseline total cholesterol | |||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1,105,314 | 3,569 | 5,356,717 | 66.63 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | 1,176,813 | 3,328 | 5,773,760 | 57.64 | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) |
| Q3 | 1,137,496 | 2,931 | 5,593,217 | 52.40 | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | 0.99 (0.95–1.05) |
| Q4 (highest) | 1,179,743 | 2,672 | 5,799,425 | 46.07 | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) |
| Baseline HDL cholesterol | |||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1,059,314 | 3,317 | 5,162,782 | 64.25 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | 1,132,738 | 3,200 | 5,556,368 | 57.59 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) |
| Q3 | 1,217,554 | 3,162 | 5,976,220 | 52.91 | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) |
| Q4 (highest) | 1,189,760 | 2,821 | 5,827,749 | 48.41 | 1.08 (1.02–1.13) | 1.10 (1.04–1.15) | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) |
| Baseline LDL cholesterol | |||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1,127,278 | 3,340 | 5,477,665 | 60.97 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | 1,170,952 | 3,351 | 5,736,337 | 58.42 | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) |
| Q3 | 1,148,953 | 3,064 | 5,645,453 | 54.27 | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) |
| Q4 (highest) | 1,152,183 | 2,745 | 5,663,664 | 48.47 | 1.03 (0.97–1.08) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) |
| Baseline TG | |||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1,119,041 | 3,039 | 5,468,095 | 55.58 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Q2 | 1,149,704 | 3,246 | 5,621,494 | 57.74 | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.94 (0.90–0.99) |
| Q3 | 1,165,998 | 3,276 | 5,711,515 | 57.36 | 0.94 (0.90–0.99) | 0.93 (0.88–0.97) | 0.90 (0.86–0.95) |
| Q4 (highest) | 1,164,623 | 2,939 | 5,722,015 | 51.36 | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) | 0.82 (0.78–0.87) |
IR incidence rate, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, Q quartile, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides.
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2: adjusted for demographic factors (age, sex, income level), and systemic comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidemia medication).
Model 3: adjusted for demographic factors, systemic comorbidities, and behavioral factors (smoking history, drinking habits, physical activity, and body mass index).