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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2022 May 24;77(2):619–639. doi: 10.1002/hep.32562

Fig. 4. Targeting ER Stress In Liver Diseases.

Fig. 4.

Overall, pharmaceutical and natural agents, physical exercise, and caloric restriction diminish ER stress, and therefore, alleviate non-malignant liver diseases. Pharmaceutical agents suppress UPR components or activate AMPK. Similarly, natural compounds being found abundantly in vegetables, fruits, herbs, spices, and beans, target UPR components. Caloric restriction and physical exercise confer similar effects on ER stress alleviation and liver diseases management.