Table 3.
Cognitive Tests and Domains
| First Author, Year | Cognitive Test(s) | Domain |
|---|---|---|
| Aarts, 2013 | Go/No-Go (number error, number hit, speed error, speed hit) | Inhibition |
| Aizenstein, 2009 | Preparing to Overcome Prepotency (RT) | Inhibition |
| Alexopoulos, 2015 | Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition |
| TOL (total moves across 10 trials) | Planning | |
| Andersson, 2010 | D-KEFS Tower | Planning |
| Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition | |
| Baudic, 2004 | Haylings Test-B (errors) | Inhibition |
| MCST (number of categories) | Planning | |
| MCST (perseverations) | Planning | |
| Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition | |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| Baune, 2006 | Stroop (CW – C time) | Inhibition |
| Bobb, 2012 | Stop Signal Task (RT) | Inhibition |
| Boone, 1995 | Stroop (CW) | Inhibition |
| WCST (number of categories, perseverative responses) | Planning | |
| Boyle, 2010 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Bredemeier, 2016 | Plus-Minus Task (switch cost) | Set Shifting |
| Stop Signal Task (RT) | Inhibition | |
| Brevik, 2013 | D-KEFS CW Interference Test | Inhibition |
| Brewster, 2017 | Compositea | Composite |
| Brooks, 2010 | CNS Vital Signs Stroop (complex RT, RT, simple RT) | Inhibition |
| Bunce, 2008 | Shape-color Switching Task (RT) | Set Shifting |
| Stroop (incongruent RT) | Inhibition | |
| Butters, 2004 | Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| WCST (number of errors) | Planning | |
| Channon, 1996 | WCST (nonperseverative errors, perseverative errors, trials to completion) | Planning |
| Channon, 1999 | Response Suppression Test (categorized completions, nonsensical sentences errors, total time) | Inhibition |
| Charlton, 2014 | Compositeb | Composite |
| Clawson, 2013 | Modified Flanker (incongruent preceded by congruent trial errors and RT, incongruent preceded by incongruent trial errors and RT) | Inhibition |
| Constant, 2005 | Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition |
| Egger, 2008 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Elderkin-Thompson, 2006 | WCST (number of categories) | Planning |
| Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition | |
| Favre, 2008 | Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition |
| TMT-B (completion time, errors) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| WCST (number of categories, loss of set, perseverative errors) | Planning | |
| Franz, 2011 | D-KEFS Fluency Switching | Set Shifting |
| D-KEFS Trails Switching | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition | |
| Godard, 2011 | Conditional RT Test (commission errors) | Inhibition |
| Grant, 2001 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| WCST (number of categories, total errors, perseverative responses, perseverative errors, loss of set, learning to learn) | Planning | |
| Intra-Dimensional Extra-Dimensional Set Shifting (stages completed, pre-extradimensional errors, adjusted extra-dimensional shifting errors) | Set Shifting | |
| Stocking of Cambridge (problems solved in minimum moves, initial thinking time for 5, 4, 3, and 2 moves) | Planning | |
| Gualtieri, 2006 | Compositec | Composite |
| Halari, 2009 | Simon Task (Simon effect RT, errors to Simon trials) | Inhibition |
| Stop Signal Task (probability of inhibition, stop signal RT, mean RT) | Inhibition | |
| Switch Task (switch cost, errors to switch trials) | Inhibition | |
| Halvorsen, 2012 | D-KEFS CW Inhibition | Inhibition |
| D-KEFS CW Inhibition/Switching | Set Shifting | |
| Halvorsen, 2012 | D-KEFS Fluency switching | Set Shifting |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| WCST-64 (number of categories, perseverative responses) | Planning | |
| Han, 2016 | WCST (number of trials, nonperseverative errors, perseverative errors, total errors) | Planning |
| Harper, 2016 | Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition |
| Hermens, 2010 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Hill, 2013 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| WCST (percent errors) | Planning | |
| Holmes, 2008 | Stroop (accuracy, RT) | Inhibition |
| Jungwirth, 2011 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Katz, 2010 | Go/No-Go (percent hits, percent false alarm, RT) | Inhibition |
| Kaymak, 2010 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Verbal fluency-alternation | Set Shifting | |
| WCST (percent conceptual level responses, perseverative errors, total errors, trials to first category) | Planning | |
| Kikuchi, 2012 | Stroop CW (error rate, RT) | Inhibition |
| Kindermann, 2000 | Stroop (CW total) | Inhibition |
| WCST (perseverative errors, total errors, loss of set) | Planning | |
| Klojcnik, 2017 | Stroop (interference score) | Inhibition |
| Klojcnik, 2017 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Koenig, 2015 | Stroop | Inhibition |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| WCST (total errors) | Planning | |
| Krompinger, 2011 | Stroop (incongruent accuracy, RT) | Inhibition |
| Ladouceur, 2012 | Flanker (incongruent percent errors, RT) | Inhibition |
| Langanecker, 2005 | Go/No-Go (No-Go RT easy trials, No-Go RT difficult trials, No-Go % correct inhibition easy trials, No-Go % correct inhibition difficult trials | Inhibition |
| Lyche, 2011 | ANT executive (RT) | Inhibition |
| D-KEFS CW Inhibition | Inhibition | |
| D-KEFS CW Switching | Inhibition | |
| Maalouf, 2011 | Stocking of Cambridge (number of moves) | Planning |
| Mackin, 2009 | Stroop (CW total) | Inhibition |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| WCST-64 (total errors) | Planning | |
| Naismith, 2006 | Stroop | Inhibition |
| Naismith, 2006 | TOL | Planning |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| WCST (total errors) | Planning | |
| Oral, 2012 | Stroop 5 (reading time) | Inhibition |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| WCST (number of categories, percent total correct, percent error, trials to first category) | Planning | |
| Pantzar, 2014 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| Pantzar, 2017 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Philippot, 2017 | Stroop (interference errors) | Inhibition |
| TMT-B (errors) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| Pizzagalli, 2006 | Flanker (Eriksen effect accuracy and RT) | Inhibition |
| Porter, 2003 | TOL (number of excess moves, average initial thinking time, average subsequent thinking time, perfect solution percent) | Planning |
| Purcell, 1998 | TOL (number of excess moves, initial movement time, initial thinking time, perfect solution percentage, subsequent movement time, subsequent thinking time) | Planning |
| Quinn, 2012 | Go/No-Go (commission errors, omission errors, RT, RT variability) | Inhibition |
| Rainer, 2006 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Rajtar-Zembaty, 2017 | Go/No-Go (accuracy) | Inhibition |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| Rizk, 2017 | Stroop (interference RT) | Inhibition |
| Royall, 2012 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Salvat-Pujol, 2017 | Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Mazes | Planning |
| Stroop (CW, interference) | Inhibition | |
| TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| Sanders, 2006 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Schmid, 2013 | D-KEFS CW Inhibition | Inhibition |
| D-KEFS CW Inhibition Switching | Set Shifting | |
| D-KEFS Fluency Switching | Set Shifting | |
| D-KEFS Tower | Planning | |
| D-KEFS Trail Making Switching | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| Shehab, 2016 | Stockings of Cambridge (number of moves) | Planning |
| Sheline, 2006 | Composited | Composite |
| Shimada, 2014 | TMT-B (completion time) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Siegle, 2004 | Stroop (incongruent accuracy, RT) | Inhibition |
| Tanaka, 2012 | Stroop (incongruent - congruent accuracy, RT) | Inhibition |
| Taylor Tavares, 2007 | Intra-Dimensional Extra-Dimensional Set Shifting (stages completed, total errors) | Set Shifting |
| Tu, 2012 | Color TMT-B | Cognitive Flexibility |
| WCST (number of trials, nonperseverative errors, perseverative errors) | Planning | |
| Uemura, 2014 | TMT-B (“points”) | Cognitive Flexibility |
| Vergara-Lopez, 2013 | Stop Signal Task (RT) | Inhibition |
| TOL | Planning | |
| WCST (perseverative errors) | Planning | |
| Wagner, 2015 | TEA-Ch Set Shifting (accuracy, RT) | Set Shifting |
| Wingo, 2013 | D-KEFS CW Inhibition | Set Shifting |
| D-KEFS Trail Making Number-Letter | Cognitive Flexibility | |
| Wingo, 2013 | Sequencing Stop Signal Task (RT) | Inhibition |
| Zhang, 2007 | Go/No-Go (commission errors, omission errors, RT) | Inhibition |
| WCST (“random error”, “total trial”, perseverative errors | Planning | |
| Zhang, 2016 | Go/No-Go (hit rate, RT) | Inhibition |
Note. RT = reaction time, TOL = Tower of London, D-KEFS = Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, MCST = Modified Cart Sorting Test, TMT = Trail Making Test, CW = Color-Word, C = Color, WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, ANT = Attention Network Test
a
Composite comprised Stroop Color Word Test, and Trail Making Test
b
Composite comprised D-KEFS Category Switching (total correct), TMT-B (completion time), Stroop (interference score), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition Digits Backward (total score), and Self-ordered Pointing Task (number of errors)
c
Composite comprised CNS Vital Signs Stroop (RT) and Shifting Attention Test
d
Composite comprised phonological and semantic fluency, TMT-B, Stroop CW, Dementia Rating Scale Initiation and Perseveration score, and WCST number of categories