Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics | |
|---|---|
| N | 303 |
| Age, years—median [IQR] | 58 [19] |
| Women—no. (%) | 155 (51.2) |
| Body weight, kg—median [IQR] | 77 [19] |
| Body mass index, kg/m2—median [IQR] | 27.7 [7.5] |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg—median [IQR] | 140 [29] |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg—median [IQR] | 78 [11] |
| Diabetes mellitus—no. (%) | |
| Type 2 Diabetes—no. (%) | 218 (71.9) |
| Type 1 Diabetes—no. (%) | 85 (28.1) |
| Duration of diabetes—median [IQR] | 11 [16] |
| Smoke—no. (%) | 95 (31.4) |
| Hypertension—no. (%) | 168 (55.4) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl—median [IQR] | 166 [92] |
| HbA1c, %—median [IQR] | 8.8 [2.7] |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl—median [IQR] | 211 [68] |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl—median [IQR] | 45 [16] |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl—median [IQR] | 132 [56] |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl—median [IQR] | 142 [102] |
| Creatinine, mg/dl—median [IQR] | 0.87 [0.26] |
| mGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2—median [IQR] | 99.5 [37.3] |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2—median [IQR] | 84.4 [26.3] |
| Albuminuria, μg/min—median [IQR] | 7.6 [14.6] |
| Glucose-lowering therapy—no. (%) | 255 (84.2) |
| Oral agents—no. (%) | 117 (38.6) |
| Biguanides—no. (%) | 128 (42.2) |
| Sulphonylureas—no. (%) | 85 (28.1) |
| Acarbose—no. (%) | 9 (3.0) |
| Insulin—no. (%) | 152 (50.2) |
| Insulin, UI/die—median [IQR] | 40 [18] |
| Lipid-lowering therapy—no. (%) | 26 (8.6) |
| Anti-hypertensive therapy—no. (%) | 168 (55.5) |
| ACEi/ARB—no. (%) | 121 (39.9) |
| Beta-Blockers—no. (%) | 18 (5.9) |
| Ca-Blockers—no. (%) | 68 (22.4) |
| Alpha-Blockers—no. (%) | 33 (10.9) |
ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin II receptors blockers, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high-density lipoprotein, IQR interquartile range, LDL low-density lipoprotein, mGFR measured glomerular filtration rate