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. 2022 Oct 6;14(10):e30003. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30003

Table 7. The characteristics of observational studies .

Author/Year of publication Study Study type  Population size (Women) Age demographic Result
Stasiewicz et al. [1] / 2022 Dietary Fat Intake: Associations with Dietary Patterns and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer—A Case-Control Study Case-control 420 50-79 years  An increase in dietary fat (greater than 32% energy intake) was associated with increased breast cancer in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Kim et al. [5] / 2017 Dietary Factors and Female Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study Prospective cohort 5046 >30 years The consumption of grilled meat and a high-cholesterol diet are associated with a higher risk of breast cancer.
Mialich et al. [24] / 2018 Assessment of the nutritional and metabolic profile of women with breast cancer and its association with metabolic syndrome Prospective cohort 224 32-85 years High body fat and body mass index (BMI) have a strong association with breast cancer patients.
Shahril et al. [25] / 2021 ‘Energy-Dense, High-SFA and Low-Fiber’ Dietary Pattern Lowered Adiponectin but Not Leptin Concentration of Breast Cancer Survivors Cross-sectional  128 32-72 years Linkage of a high saturated fat diet with low adiponectin and excess body weight in breast cancer patients.
Sieri et al.) [26] / 2014 Dietary Fat Intake and Development of Specific Breast Cancer Subtypes Prospective cohort 337327 >18 years Elevated total and saturated fats are associated with a greater risk of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Sofi et al. [27] / 2018 Nutritional risk factors and status of serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with breast cancer: A case control study in India Case-control 200 Cases = 45(±9) years, Controls = 46(±10) years  Saturated fat consumption was linked to an increased risk of breast cancer.