Table 1. Implications from various studies (sytemic review, meta-analysis, cohort study, prospective study, etc) regarding effects of alcohol consumption on the human body.

Serial number	Objectives of the study	Type of study	Implications	Author, Country ( if applicable), Year [citations]
(1)	To provide a quantitative assessment of the association between the risk of cirrhosis of the liver and alcohol intake.	Systemic review and meta-analysis	Consumption of alcohol has a significantly large impact on the mortality of cirrhosis of the liver when compared with morbidity.	Rehm et al., July 2010 [19].
(2)	To systematically sum up the risk relationship between the incidence of liver cirrhosis and different alcohol consumption levels.	Systemic review and meta-analysis	Consuming about one drink per day in comparison to the long-term abstainers showed an increased risk in women for liver cirrhosis, but not in men.	Roerecke et al., October 2019 [20].
(3)	To analyse the impact of various drinking patterns in the causation of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver.	A prospective cohort study	Recent alcohol consumption rather than earlier in life was found to be associated with a risk of alcoholic cirrhosis.	Askgaard et al., Denmark, May 2015 [30].
(4)	To investigate the relationship between the risk of colon and rectal cancer and the amount and type of alcohol.	Cohort study	Alcoholic intake significantly increases the risk of rectal cancer but this risk seems to be reduced with the inclusion of wine.	Pedersen et al.,  Denmark, June 2003 [31].
(5)	To examine the relationship between cancers of the upper digestive tract (oesophageal and oropharyngeal) and different types of alcoholic drinks.	Cohort study	A moderate wine intake does not probably increase the risk of cancer of the upper digestive tract, whereas a moderate intake of spirits or beers considerably increases the risk.	Grønbaek et al., Denmark, September 1998 [32].
(6)	To examine the relationship between death from all causes, coronary heart disease, and cancer and intake of different alcohol types.	Cohort study	Heavy drinkers who avoid wine are found to be at more high risk for death from all causes than heavy drinkers who do include wine in their alcohol intake.	Grønbaek et al., Denmark,  September 2000 [33].
(7)	To investigate the long-term effects of the consumption of alcohol on morbidity and mortality.	Cohort study	The morbidity and mortality which is associated with different consumption levels of alcohol are associated with the same diseases, which suggests that alcohol might be one of the causative factors for these diseases.	Theobald et al., Sweden,      November 2001 [34].
(8)	To provide updated quantification of association between the intake of alcohol intake and colorectal cancer.	Meta-analysis of the published observational studies	Showed evidence which strongly depicted an association between colorectal cancer risk and intake of alcohol.	Wang et al., May 2015 [35].
(9)	To investigate the association between atrial fibrillation risk in a prospective study of Swedish men and women and alcohol consumption.	Prospective study and a dose-response meta-analysis	Consumption of alcohol, even though at a moderate level, is one of the risk factors for atrial fibrillation.	Larsson et al., Sweden, July 2014 [36].
(10)	To examine the dose-response relationship between AF and consumption of alcohol.	Systemic review and meta-analysis	There is a causal impact of the consumption of alcohol on the onset of atrial fibrillation with a monotonic dose-response relationship.	Samokhvalov et al., December 2010 [37].
(11)	To investigate the effect of the consumption of alcohol on new-onset atrial fibrillation development in healthy individuals who are asymptomatic.	Multicenter study	In a healthy asymptomatic population, alcoholic drinking does increase the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in a dose-dependent manner which is regardless of the individual’s sex.	Cha et al., December 2020 [38].
(12)	To prospectively assess the association between incident atrial fibrillation (AF) among women and regular alcohol consumption.	Randomized control trial	Heavy consumption of two or more drinks per day was found to be associated with a small but statistically significant increased atrial fibrillation (AF) risk.	Conen et al., U.S., December 2008 [39].
(13)	To characterize the association between incident atrial fibrillation and chronic intake of alcohol.	Systemic review and meta-analysis	High intake of alcohol is associated with heightened atrial fibrillation (AF) risk across both genders.	Gallagher et al., November 2017 [40].