Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and health status of participants
| Variable | Total n = 101 | NCI n = 52 | MCI n = 49 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65.6 (3.4) | 65.9 (3.6) | 65.3 (3.3) | 0.382 |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 158.5 (4.5) | 158.7 (4.6) | 158.3 (4.5) | 0.647 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 58.8 (6.7) | 59.1 (6.6) | 58.5 (6.8) | 0.674 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.4 (2.3) | 23.4 (2.2) | 23.3 (2.4) | 0.838 |
| Education years ≤ 12, n (%) | 89 (88.1%) | 43 (82.7%) | 46 (93.9%) | 0.083 |
| No. of comorbidities | ||||
| 0 | 52 (51.5%) | 28 (53.8%) | 24 (49.0%) | 0.625 |
| 1 | 26 (25.7%) | 11 (21.2%) | 15 (30.6%) | 0.277 |
| ≥ 2 | 23 (22.8%) | 13 (25.0%) | 10 (20.4%) | 0.582 |
| Chronic disease, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension (yes) | 23 (22.8%) | 10 (19.2%) | 13 (26.5%) | 0.382 |
| Diabetes (yes) | 6 (5.9%) | 2 (3.8%) | 4 (8.2%) | 0.620 |
| Cardiovascular disease (yes) | 10 (9.9%) | 7 (13.5%) | 3 (6.1%) | 0.368 |
| Hyperlipidemia (yes) | 5 (5.0%) | 4 (7.7%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0.396 |
| Self-reported health status, n (%) | ||||
| Very good | 21 (20.8%) | 10 (19.2%) | 11 (22.4%) | 0.474 |
| Good | 37 (36.6%) | 22 (42.3%) | 15 (30.6%) | |
| Fair | 43 (42.6%) | 20 (38.5%) | 23 (46.9%) | |
| Total score of MOCA-BJ, mean (SD) | 25.2 (3.3) | 27.8 (1.4) | 22.5 (2.5) | < 0.001* |
| Visuospatial/executive function | 3.7 (0.9) | 4.1 (0.7) | 3.3 (1.0) | < 0.001* |
| Naming | 2.8 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.2) | 2.6 (0.8) | 0.001* |
| Attention | 5.4 (0.9) | 5.8 (0.4) | 4.9 (1.0) | < 0.001* |
| Language | 1.9 (0.9) | 2.3 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.8) | < 0.001* |
| Abstraction | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.1 (0.6) | < 0.001* |
| Delayed recall | 3.3 (1.5) | 4.3 (0.9) | 2.3 (1.5) | < 0.001* |
| Orientation | 5.9 (0.3) | 6.0 (0.1) | 5.9 (0.4) | 0.144 |
MOCA-BJ the Beijing Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, SD standard deviation; NCI refers to participants with non-cognitive impairment; MCI refers to participants with mild cognitive impairment
*Significant p < 0.05 by Student t test or chi-square test compared with NCI