Fig. 5.

RNA modifications involved in senescence. RNA modifications that have been revealed to be associated with senescence or aging mainly include m⁶A modification, m⁵C modification, and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing. The m⁶A modification is regulated by factors including the writer RNA methyltransferases complex, the erasers FTO and ALKBH5, and the reader YTHDF2, whose effects on senescence are complex based on different substrates. Under different stress conditions, m⁵C modification mediated by NSUN2 plays opposite roles in senescence, retarding replicative senescence and accelerating oxidative-induced senescence. The A-to-I RNA editing catalyzed by the ADAR family mainly exists in the central nervous system, and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases has been demonstrated